{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111611403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","title":"Speech enhancement by LSTM-based noise suppression followed by CNN-based speech restoration","display_name":"Speech enhancement by LSTM-based noise suppression followed by CNN-based speech restoration","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111611403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","mag":"3111611403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074981761","display_name":"Maximilian Strake","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Strake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034770088","display_name":"Bruno Defraene","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Defraene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075598267","display_name":"Kristoff Fluyt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristoff Fluyt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018190338","display_name":"Wouter Tirry","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Tirry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goodix Technology Belgium BV, Arnould Nobelstraat 32, Leuven, 3000, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002593702","display_name":"Tim Fingscheidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Fingscheidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074981761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1197,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1290},"fwci":3.9619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94654191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesq","display_name":"PESQ","score":0.8370907306671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-enhancement","display_name":"Speech enhancement","score":0.8256738781929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7928353548049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7795412540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligibility","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","score":0.6417868137359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.5519475936889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45791712403297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.45027536153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.44405171275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.4316316843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-predictive-coding","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","score":0.4311329424381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4199780523777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.36204731464385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33820435404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.25699150562286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12110674381256104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103734657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739975","display_name":"PESQ","level":4,"score":0.8370907306671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776182073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575395","display_name":"Speech enhancement","level":3,"score":0.8256738781929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928353548049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7795412540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433889","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6417868137359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.5519475936889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45791712403297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.45027536153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.44405171275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.4316316843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59883199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826438","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.4311329424381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4199780523777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.36204731464385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33820435404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25699150562286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12110674381256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:565f8fc0d3a94182b4106ab639dfc73d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/565f8fc0d3a94182b4106ab639dfc73d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2020, Iss 1, Pp 1-26 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de:dbbs_mods_00069265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2021012015188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402617","display_name":"Digitale Bibliothek Braunschweig (Verbundzentrale G\u00f6ttingen (VZG))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2020, 49 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1 -- http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/ -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2364203 -- 1687-6180","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-020-00707-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111611403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111611403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104228359","https://openalex.org/W173461423","https://openalex.org/W1482149378","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1493719746","https://openalex.org/W1495679096","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1506438021","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1889624880","https://openalex.org/W1970924839","https://openalex.org/W1971129545","https://openalex.org/W2018384136","https://openalex.org/W2032669786","https://openalex.org/W2044893557","https://openalex.org/W2046869671","https://openalex.org/W2051428568","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067295501","https://openalex.org/W2069681747","https://openalex.org/W2078528584","https://openalex.org/W2106793170","https://openalex.org/W2121973264","https://openalex.org/W2130476329","https://openalex.org/W2141200610","https://openalex.org/W2145310550","https://openalex.org/W2146324387","https://openalex.org/W2151484683","https://openalex.org/W2153894152","https://openalex.org/W2155998647","https://openalex.org/W2158336491","https://openalex.org/W2164715564","https://openalex.org/W2168379380","https://openalex.org/W2188575426","https://openalex.org/W2291877678","https://openalex.org/W2304648132","https://openalex.org/W2520164769","https://openalex.org/W2612685246","https://openalex.org/W2619993508","https://openalex.org/W2625041691","https://openalex.org/W2678916739","https://openalex.org/W2774389566","https://openalex.org/W2809824582","https://openalex.org/W2889273017","https://openalex.org/W2889442120","https://openalex.org/W2891433113","https://openalex.org/W2952637581","https://openalex.org/W2962843322","https://openalex.org/W2963453742","https://openalex.org/W2963751183","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2985871754","https://openalex.org/W2998155746","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W3147539069","https://openalex.org/W4301409532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016109656","https://openalex.org/W2058482658","https://openalex.org/W1973895194","https://openalex.org/W3135613579","https://openalex.org/W4386746628","https://openalex.org/W1980687383","https://openalex.org/W2166831097","https://openalex.org/W2546593254","https://openalex.org/W3209446892","https://openalex.org/W2373767407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Single-channel":[1],"speech":[2,17,32,41,96,113],"enhancement":[3,33],"in":[4,20,140],"highly":[5,126],"non-stationary":[6,127],"noise":[7,45,63,93,128],"conditions":[8,142],"is":[9,18,90,98,135],"a":[10,58,104],"very":[11],"challenging":[12],"task,":[13],"especially":[14],"when":[15],"interfering":[16,131],"included":[19],"the":[21,29],"noise.":[22],"Deep":[23],"learning-based":[24],"approaches":[25],"have":[26],"notably":[27],"improved":[28],"performance":[30],"of":[31],"algorithms":[34],"under":[35],"such":[36],"conditions,":[37],"but":[38],"still":[39],"introduce":[40],"distortions":[42],"if":[43],"strong":[44],"suppression":[46,64,94],"shall":[47],"be":[48],"achieved.":[49],"We":[50],"propose":[51],"to":[52,137],"address":[53],"this":[54],"problem":[55],"by":[56,120],"using":[57,71],"two-stage":[59],"approach,":[60],"first":[61],"performing":[62],"and":[65,77,95,143],"subsequently":[66],"restoring":[67],"natural":[68],"sounding":[69],"speech,":[70],"specifically":[72],"chosen":[73],"neural":[74],"network":[75,89,107],"topologies":[76],"loss":[78],"functions":[79],"for":[80,92,124],"each":[81],"task.":[82],"A":[83],"mask-based":[84],"long":[85],"short-term":[86],"memory":[87],"(LSTM)":[88],"employed":[91],"restoration":[97],"performed":[99],"via":[100],"spectral":[101],"mapping":[102],"with":[103],"convolutional":[105],"encoder-decoder":[106],"(CED).":[108],"The":[109],"proposed":[110],"method":[111],"improves":[112],"quality":[114],"(PESQ)":[115],"over":[116],"state-of-the-art":[117],"single-stage":[118],"methods":[119],"about":[121],"0.1":[122],"points":[123],"unseen":[125],"types":[129],"including":[130],"speech.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"it":[134],"able":[136],"increase":[138],"intelligibility":[139],"low-SNR":[141],"consistently":[144],"outperforms":[145],"all":[146],"reference":[147],"methods.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}