{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955965309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","title":"Realified L1-PCA for direction-of-arrival estimation: theory and algorithms","display_name":"Realified L1-PCA for direction-of-arrival estimation: theory and algorithms","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955965309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","mag":"2955965309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010876698","display_name":"Panos P. Markopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panos P. Markopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, 14623, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, 14623, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113691658","display_name":"Nicholas Tsagkarakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Tsagkarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson AB, G\u00f6teborg, 417 56, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson AB, G\u00f6teborg, 417 56, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052953883","display_name":"Dimitris A. Pados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-6450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris A. Pados","raw_affiliation_strings":["I-SENSE and Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 33431, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-6450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I-SENSE and Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 33431, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053807674","display_name":"George N. Karystinos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55741626","display_name":"Technical University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/03f8bz564","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George N. Karystinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052953883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":1.0017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76184964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.8647872805595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.7844185829162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.7028656005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.674730658531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6237186789512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6227479577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Robust principal component analysis","score":0.4933084547519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-pca","display_name":"Sparse PCA","score":0.4703526496887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4544662535190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.4355509877204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38890016078948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08030736446380615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.8647872805595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.7844185829162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.7028656005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.674730658531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6237186789512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6227479577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777749129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148469","display_name":"Robust principal component analysis","level":3,"score":0.4933084547519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24252448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573786","display_name":"Sparse PCA","level":3,"score":0.4703526496887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4544662535190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.4355509877204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38890016078948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08030736446380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dcf27220a9d74e45873024775aab74e9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dcf27220a9d74e45873024775aab74e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2019, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-019-0625-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1468396353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1462341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2097990136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1117121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3231617374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1808582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3894228135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1808582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337377","funder_display_name":"Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4971381699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1117121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624331634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1462341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6915761905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-1808582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7644992703","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Towards Ubiquitous Multimedia Sensing through Compressive Video Streaming","funder_award_id":"1117121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8263044979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1462341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8282592066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MIS-379418-DISCO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323846","funder_display_name":"Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G959409320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-0121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323846","display_name":"Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/04zvb9t44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337377","display_name":"Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/04nh1dc89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955965309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955965309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101586694","https://openalex.org/W147992333","https://openalex.org/W432844638","https://openalex.org/W641242542","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1487444668","https://openalex.org/W1530239534","https://openalex.org/W1539726260","https://openalex.org/W1565930783","https://openalex.org/W1589236794","https://openalex.org/W1966296345","https://openalex.org/W1980153201","https://openalex.org/W1992633833","https://openalex.org/W1999324199","https://openalex.org/W1999847665","https://openalex.org/W2001266526","https://openalex.org/W2001596810","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2038398795","https://openalex.org/W2051725963","https://openalex.org/W2053090063","https://openalex.org/W2054763080","https://openalex.org/W2068722138","https://openalex.org/W2075721610","https://openalex.org/W2087543940","https://openalex.org/W2101117936","https://openalex.org/W2101658087","https://openalex.org/W2101928763","https://openalex.org/W2103286460","https://openalex.org/W2111943269","https://openalex.org/W2113168978","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2123930706","https://openalex.org/W2124306988","https://openalex.org/W2124547768","https://openalex.org/W2126923742","https://openalex.org/W2131628350","https://openalex.org/W2135081536","https://openalex.org/W2139128774","https://openalex.org/W2141159272","https://openalex.org/W2141904749","https://openalex.org/W2143864831","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2146549162","https://openalex.org/W2148982591","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2160863122","https://openalex.org/W2161172191","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2165155912","https://openalex.org/W2255644137","https://openalex.org/W2277192409","https://openalex.org/W2293883257","https://openalex.org/W2529352582","https://openalex.org/W2581566261","https://openalex.org/W2584269038","https://openalex.org/W2584383133","https://openalex.org/W2611529120","https://openalex.org/W2611695496","https://openalex.org/W2625898145","https://openalex.org/W2742341851","https://openalex.org/W2798909945","https://openalex.org/W2886509145","https://openalex.org/W2918522830","https://openalex.org/W2952350176","https://openalex.org/W3103526270","https://openalex.org/W4244323842","https://openalex.org/W4301621763","https://openalex.org/W6605289505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037121946","https://openalex.org/W2991135868","https://openalex.org/W4387454008","https://openalex.org/W2594059414","https://openalex.org/W2302215559","https://openalex.org/W2463344124","https://openalex.org/W107071865","https://openalex.org/W4283792950","https://openalex.org/W2962768932","https://openalex.org/W2951443864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subspace-based":[0],"direction-of-arrival":[1],"(DoA)":[2],"estimation":[3,77],"commonly":[4],"relies":[5],"on":[6,46],"the":[7,12,20,30,54,74,84,89,100],"Principal-Component":[8],"Analysis":[9],"(PCA)":[10],"of":[11,22,53,64],"sensor-array":[13],"recorded":[14],"snapshots.":[15],"Therefore,":[16],"it":[17],"naturally":[18],"inherits":[19],"sensitivity":[21],"PCA":[23],"against":[24],"outliers":[25],"that":[26,73],"may":[27],"exist":[28],"among":[29],"collected":[31],"snapshots":[32,56,91,101],"(e.g.,":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,83],"unexpected":[36],"directional":[37],"jamming).":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"work,":[41],"we":[42],"present":[43],"DoA-estimation":[44],"based":[45],"outlier-resistant":[47],"L1-norm":[48],"principal":[49],"component":[50],"analysis":[51],"(L1-PCA)":[52],"realified":[55],"and":[57,94],"a":[58],"complete":[59],"algorithmic/theoretical":[60],"framework":[61],"for":[62],"L1-PCA":[63],"complex":[65],"data":[66],"through":[67],"realification.":[68],"Our":[69],"numerical":[70],"studies":[71],"illustrate":[72],"proposed":[75],"DoA":[76],"method":[78],"exhibits":[79],"(i)":[80],"similar":[81],"performance":[82,98],"conventional":[85],"L2-PCA-based":[86],"method,":[87],"when":[88,99],"processed":[90],"are":[92,102],"nominal/clean,":[93],"(ii)":[95],"significantly":[96],"superior":[97],"faulty/corrupted.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}