{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2474741987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","title":"Optimal watermark embedding combining spread spectrum and quantization","display_name":"Optimal watermark embedding combining spread spectrum and quantization","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2474741987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","mag":"2474741987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618811","display_name":"Xinshan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-9932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Shan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032143311","display_name":"Ya Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716922","display_name":"Qing\u2010Hao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-7088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing-Hao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084878606","display_name":"Biao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338615","display_name":"Ping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102829545","display_name":"Ting Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-6104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100618811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":0.3379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6589266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7095498442649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6769338846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6007562279701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.5409018397331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5317149758338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41770774126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.41320958733558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35745495557785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30768460035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19867244362831116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7095498442649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6769338846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6007562279701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.5409018397331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5317149758338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41770774126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.41320958733558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35745495557785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30768460035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19867244362831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13634-016-0373-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1316569938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1426340987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1536800231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1949601377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2055615312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51578189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2554824764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JCZDJC30900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2560648409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and 51","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2568500609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JCZDJC30900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3386327429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK2012683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444549924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013DFA11040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6841842204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60803122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7849434943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1571324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8488924448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474741987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474741987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987976763","https://openalex.org/W2023096152","https://openalex.org/W2024165444","https://openalex.org/W2024635071","https://openalex.org/W2035617432","https://openalex.org/W2040819105","https://openalex.org/W2058019290","https://openalex.org/W2061397341","https://openalex.org/W2098731348","https://openalex.org/W2107465879","https://openalex.org/W2117576053","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136506345","https://openalex.org/W2138845967","https://openalex.org/W2140129132","https://openalex.org/W2148677273","https://openalex.org/W2150084652","https://openalex.org/W2164846652","https://openalex.org/W2169111714","https://openalex.org/W2171796115","https://openalex.org/W2293936600","https://openalex.org/W4251965135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"optimal":[4,53],"watermark":[5,91,111],"embedding":[6,64],"method":[7,68,105],"combining":[8],"spread":[9,45],"spectrum":[10,46],"and":[11,27,113,115],"quantization.":[12],"In":[13],"the":[14,16,29,37,42,49,52,59,63,77,85,99,103,132],"method,":[15],"host":[17],"signal":[18,31,55,121],"vector":[19],"is":[20,32,56,69,116],"quantized":[21,30],"to":[22,34,84,119],"embed":[23],"a":[24],"multiple-bit":[25],"watermark,":[26],"meanwhile,":[28],"made":[33],"locate":[35],"in":[36,41,58,72,109],"detectable":[38],"region":[39],"defined":[40],"context":[43],"of":[44,61],"watermarking.":[47],"Under":[48],"two":[50],"constraints,":[51],"watermarked":[54],"derived":[57],"sense":[60],"minimizing":[62],"distortion.":[65],"The":[66],"proposed":[67,104],"further":[70],"implemented":[71],"wavelet":[73,79],"transform":[74],"domain,":[75],"where":[76],"insensitive":[78],"coefficients":[80],"are":[81],"selected":[82],"according":[83],"modified":[86],"human":[87],"visual":[88],"model":[89],"for":[90],"embedding.":[92],"Simulations":[93],"on":[94],"real":[95],"images":[96],"by":[97],"using":[98],"wavelet-based":[100],"implementations":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"performs":[106],"very":[107],"well":[108],"both":[110],"imperceptibility":[112],"robustness":[114],"more":[117],"robust":[118],"typical":[120],"processes,":[122],"e.g.,":[123],"additive":[124],"noise,":[125],"JPEG":[126],"compression,":[127],"etc.,":[128],"as":[129],"compared":[130],"with":[131],"state-of-the-art":[133],"watermarking":[134],"methods.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}