{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127933954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","title":"Cosynllm: predicting drug combination synergy with LLM-generated descriptions","display_name":"Cosynllm: predicting drug combination synergy with LLM-generated descriptions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127933954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125113532","display_name":"Suwan Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suwan Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125006159","display_name":"W W Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440257","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-3461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104582131","display_name":"Mang Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6191-3413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mang Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. jingmang66@sina.com","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnan Daxue Road, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China. jingmang66@sina.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. jingmang66@sina.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnan Daxue Road, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China. jingmang66@sina.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644814","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-2648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn","Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn","Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. liuyun@njmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047889","display_name":"Yi-Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-0717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. junjie2021@njmu.edu.cn","Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. junjie2021@njmu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. junjie2021@njmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. junjie2021@njmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104582131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971","https://openalex.org/I76569877","https://openalex.org/I83519826"],"apc_list":{"value":1290,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1582},"apc_paid":{"value":1290,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1582},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18612744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"Drug discovery","score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repositioning","display_name":"Drug repositioning","score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.35350000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7433000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103637391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308921","display_name":"Drug repositioning","level":3,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777494893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781752","display_name":"Approved drug","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99726746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906396","display_name":"Chemical space","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989108626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904407","display_name":"Drug target","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164126121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766383","display_name":"Quantitative structure\u2013activity relationship","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41639911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cheminformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1bf7629b916436c80c957ae6a307c11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1bf7629b916436c80c957ae6a307c11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13154677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13154677/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Cheminform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-026-01158-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975147762","https://openalex.org/W1987706812","https://openalex.org/W1997148153","https://openalex.org/W2000160960","https://openalex.org/W2118151336","https://openalex.org/W2121368761","https://openalex.org/W2127680641","https://openalex.org/W2145877930","https://openalex.org/W2146416540","https://openalex.org/W2281910915","https://openalex.org/W2299417213","https://openalex.org/W2328092762","https://openalex.org/W2594171637","https://openalex.org/W2608863179","https://openalex.org/W2775061087","https://openalex.org/W2899070097","https://openalex.org/W2899663614","https://openalex.org/W2909063104","https://openalex.org/W2949650786","https://openalex.org/W3016473712","https://openalex.org/W3046375318","https://openalex.org/W3086347240","https://openalex.org/W3102269903","https://openalex.org/W3127930610","https://openalex.org/W3205913984","https://openalex.org/W4205735465","https://openalex.org/W4221153690","https://openalex.org/W4293214728","https://openalex.org/W4321452885","https://openalex.org/W4323031630","https://openalex.org/W4360608719","https://openalex.org/W4362657842","https://openalex.org/W4366835631","https://openalex.org/W4385613230","https://openalex.org/W4387225871","https://openalex.org/W4391005764","https://openalex.org/W4391724175","https://openalex.org/W4392679398","https://openalex.org/W4394666973","https://openalex.org/W4394812234","https://openalex.org/W4396650180","https://openalex.org/W4400046055","https://openalex.org/W4400812701","https://openalex.org/W4401412286","https://openalex.org/W4404330874","https://openalex.org/W4405056089","https://openalex.org/W4405655184","https://openalex.org/W4405903187","https://openalex.org/W4406586350","https://openalex.org/W4406779522","https://openalex.org/W4409234475","https://openalex.org/W4409560916","https://openalex.org/W4409764452","https://openalex.org/W4410395954","https://openalex.org/W4410993406","https://openalex.org/W4412202130","https://openalex.org/W4413911708","https://openalex.org/W7095058107"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drug":[0],"combination":[1,72,132,155,175,187],"therapy":[2],"is":[3,120],"a":[4,115,166,191],"well-established":[5],"strategy":[6,119,212],"for":[7,69,129,172,184,203],"treating":[8],"complex":[9],"diseases.":[10],"However,":[11],"the":[12,77,104],"vast":[13],"combinatorial":[14],"space":[15],"renders":[16],"exhaustive":[17],"experimental":[18],"screening":[19],"impractical":[20],"and":[21,43,111,141,168,218],"costly.":[22],"Recent":[23],"studies":[24],"have":[25],"shown":[26],"that":[27,144],"deep":[28],"learning":[29],"techniques":[30],"can":[31],"effectively":[32,108,160],"prioritize":[33],"synergistic":[34,162],"drug":[35,57,71,90,110,131,154,163,174,186],"combinations":[36],"by":[37,89],"leveraging":[38],"their":[39],"powerful":[40],"nonlinear":[41],"modeling":[42],"automatic":[44],"feature":[45,117,193,205,210],"extraction":[46],"capabilities.":[47],"Meanwhile,":[48],"Large":[49],"Language":[50],"Models":[51],"(LLMs)":[52],"offer":[53],"great":[54],"promise":[55],"in":[56,81,152],"discovery.":[58],"In":[59,157],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"CoSynLLM,":[64],"an":[65,180],"LLM-assisted":[66,181],"predictive":[67,182],"framework":[68,171,183],"predicting":[70,130,153,173,185],"synergy.":[73,133,156,176],"We":[74],"fully":[75],"leverage":[76],"latent":[78],"knowledge":[79],"embedded":[80],"LLMs":[82,196],"to":[83,92,122,199],"generate":[84,200],"semantic-level":[85],"chemical":[86,201],"information,":[87],"complemented":[88],"fingerprints":[91],"incorporate":[93],"explicit":[94],"structural":[95],"details,":[96],"while":[97],"cell":[98,112,219],"line":[99,113],"gene":[100],"expression":[101],"profiles":[102],"represent":[103],"cellular":[105],"context.":[106],"To":[107],"merge":[109],"representations,":[114],"hierarchical":[116,192,209],"fusion":[118,194,211],"employed":[121,198],"progressively":[123,213],"integrate":[124],"features":[125,215],"through":[126,221],"multiple":[127,222],"stages":[128],"Extensive":[134],"experiments":[135],"on":[136],"two":[137],"benchmark":[138],"datasets,":[139],"NCI-ALMANAC":[140],"O\u2019Neil,":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"CoSynLLM":[145,159],"achieves":[146],"competitive":[147],"performance,":[148],"highlighting":[149],"its":[150],"effectiveness":[151],"summary,":[158],"identifies":[161],"combinations,":[164],"offering":[165],"robust":[167],"practical":[169],"computational":[170],"This":[177],"paper":[178],"presents":[179],"synergy,":[188],"which":[189],"incorporates":[190],"strategy.":[195],"are":[197],"information":[202],"rich":[204],"representations.":[206],"The":[207],"proposed":[208],"integrates":[214],"from":[216],"drugs":[217],"lines":[220],"stages,":[223],"enabling":[224],"effective":[225],"capture":[226],"of":[227],"critical":[228],"interaction":[229],"patterns.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}