{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413807406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","title":"FusionCLM: enhanced molecular property prediction via knowledge fusion of chemical language models","display_name":"FusionCLM: enhanced molecular property prediction via knowledge fusion of chemical language models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413807406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40883821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","pdf_url":"https://jcheminf.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jcheminf.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074890784","display_name":"Yutong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043971485","display_name":"Yan Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9174-1396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115430441","display_name":"Yan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9447-5002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada","Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035024838","display_name":"Pingzhao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingzhao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","The Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada","Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. phu49@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074890784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4210125326"],"apc_list":{"value":1290,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1582},"apc_paid":{"value":1290,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1582},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2341756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"133","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9491000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8292542099952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6263726353645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6174585819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5804909467697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5552579164505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5523982048034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5024895668029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48451465368270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.48113787174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4525737464427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3350040316581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8292542099952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6263726353645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6174585819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5804909467697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5552579164505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5523982048034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5024895668029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48451465368270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.48113787174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4525737464427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3350040316581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","pdf_url":"https://jcheminf.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40883821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40883821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cheminformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4936e79c0a6b4d609b850913a1f6d70d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4936e79c0a6b4d609b850913a1f6d70d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12395716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12395716/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Cheminform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","pdf_url":"https://jcheminf.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13321-025-01073-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180838163","display_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","issn_l":"1758-2946","issn":["1758-2946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cheminformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304196372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1539477904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PLL 185683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1597412403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G190741868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2021-04072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2157070843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PJT 190272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394529865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PLL 185683, PJT 190272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394759585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRC-2021-00482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3030655770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Research Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3969565085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Foundation","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G400116904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknow","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4389354971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4403265708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier I","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4405970730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier II","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5265193246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada Research Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G531653307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G555658846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5784215521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221715925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6282788884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canadian Institutes of Health","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6343950453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Health","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7136325465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7426556402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada Research Chairs","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8105784103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8374923726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRC-2021-00482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G919846122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chair","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413807406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413807406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W1517347224","https://openalex.org/W1917487884","https://openalex.org/W1968118007","https://openalex.org/W1975147762","https://openalex.org/W2023294425","https://openalex.org/W2076498053","https://openalex.org/W2176516200","https://openalex.org/W2330406605","https://openalex.org/W2406943157","https://openalex.org/W2461470610","https://openalex.org/W2461620095","https://openalex.org/W2558999090","https://openalex.org/W2571816515","https://openalex.org/W2594183968","https://openalex.org/W2739349903","https://openalex.org/W2899070097","https://openalex.org/W2900694120","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2953128081","https://openalex.org/W2973114758","https://openalex.org/W2982188507","https://openalex.org/W3012898475","https://openalex.org/W3030948478","https://openalex.org/W3038823641","https://openalex.org/W3109892317","https://openalex.org/W3135127269","https://openalex.org/W3201230437","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4280491631","https://openalex.org/W4280602833","https://openalex.org/W4281606938","https://openalex.org/W4294006835","https://openalex.org/W4297632148","https://openalex.org/W4304809666","https://openalex.org/W4309218736","https://openalex.org/W4311584330","https://openalex.org/W4379539707","https://openalex.org/W4386046779","https://openalex.org/W4386071709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4382468411","https://openalex.org/W4318751837","https://openalex.org/W3124943098","https://openalex.org/W4308112567","https://openalex.org/W3162132941","https://openalex.org/W3048601286","https://openalex.org/W2965925734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chemical":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(CLMs)":[3],"have":[4,125],"demonstrated":[5],"capabilities":[6],"in":[7,145],"extracting":[8],"patterns":[9],"and":[10,76,89,99,135],"predicting":[11],"from":[12,34,78],"vast":[13],"volume":[14],"of":[15,48,63],"the":[16,46,61,132],"Simplified":[17],"Molecular":[18],"Input":[19],"Line":[20],"Entry":[21],"System":[22],"(SMILES),":[23],"a":[24,54,67],"notation":[25],"used":[26],"to":[27,91,104],"represent":[28],"molecular":[29,42,147],"structures.":[30],"Different":[31],"CLMs,":[32,50],"developed":[33],"various":[35],"architectures,":[36],"can":[37],"provide":[38],"unique":[39],"insights":[40],"into":[41,66],"properties.":[43],"To":[44],"harness":[45],"uniqueness":[47],"different":[49],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"FusionCLM,":[53],"novel":[55],"stacking-ensemble":[56],"learning":[57,140],"algorithm":[58],"that":[59,123],"integrate":[60],"outputs":[62],"multiple":[64],"CLMs":[65],"unified":[68],"framework.":[69],"FusionCLM":[70,124],"first":[71,133],"generates":[72],"SMILES":[73],"embeddings,":[74],"predictions,":[75],"losses":[77,94,98],"each":[79],"CLM.":[80],"Auxiliary":[81],"models":[82],"are":[83,101],"trained":[84],"on":[85,119],"these":[86],"first-level":[87],"predictions":[88,100],"embeddings":[90],"estimate":[92],"test":[93],"during":[95],"inference.":[96],"The":[97],"then":[102],"concatenated":[103],"create":[105],"an":[106],"integrated":[107],"feature":[108],"matrix,":[109],"which":[110],"trains":[111],"second-level":[112],"meta-models":[113],"for":[114],"final":[115],"predictions.":[116],"Empirical":[117],"testing":[118],"five":[120],"datasets":[121],"demonstrates":[122],"better":[126],"performance":[127],"than":[128],"individual":[129],"CLM":[130],"at":[131],"level":[134],"three":[136],"advanced":[137],"multimodal":[138],"deep":[139],"frameworks,":[141],"showcasing":[142],"FusionCLM's":[143],"potential":[144],"advancing":[146],"property":[148],"prediction.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
