{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164181943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","title":"Social debt in software engineering: insights from industry","display_name":"Social debt in software engineering: insights from industry","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164181943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","mag":"2164181943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","pdf_url":"https://jisajournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jisajournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000349425","display_name":"Damian A. Tamburri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-8961"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Damian A Tamburri","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038060982","display_name":"Philippe Kruchten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-4867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Kruchten","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088101716","display_name":"Patricia Lago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-0845"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Lago","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039649967","display_name":"Hans van Vliet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-8613"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans van Vliet","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000349425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1755,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9849871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.9801586866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.7799925804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-levels-and-flows","display_name":"Debt levels and flows","score":0.512204110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-debt","display_name":"Internal debt","score":0.483136385679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47171634435653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-to-gdp-ratio","display_name":"Debt-to-GDP ratio","score":0.43068626523017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.4147171378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4119647145271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3629074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3387174606323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.26383721828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.15711423754692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.0948844850063324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.9801586866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.7799925804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22270272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5248601","display_name":"Debt levels and flows","level":4,"score":0.512204110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915683","display_name":"Internal debt","level":3,"score":0.483136385679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47171634435653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106210156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559695","display_name":"Debt-to-GDP ratio","level":4,"score":0.43068626523017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4147171378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4119647145271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3629074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3387174606323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.26383721828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15711423754692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0948844850063324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","pdf_url":"https://jisajournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/8f93cad0-0075-448e-ab66-28674141534b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/8f93cad0-0075-448e-ab66-28674141534b","pdf_url":"https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/1110679/art%253A10.1186%252Fs13174-015-0024-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tamburri, D A, Kruchten, P, Lago, P & van Vliet, H 2015, 'Social Debt in Software Engineering: Insights from Industry', Journal of Internet Services and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.ubvu.vu.nl:1871/54023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1871/54023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400546","display_name":"Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","pdf_url":"https://jisajournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13174-015-0024-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164181943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164181943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63477783","https://openalex.org/W85797161","https://openalex.org/W1482707767","https://openalex.org/W1495086477","https://openalex.org/W1510683253","https://openalex.org/W1588005583","https://openalex.org/W1607675442","https://openalex.org/W1803145850","https://openalex.org/W1965658570","https://openalex.org/W1968074466","https://openalex.org/W1987769722","https://openalex.org/W1988496957","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W1996319671","https://openalex.org/W2029621908","https://openalex.org/W2035973155","https://openalex.org/W2039042177","https://openalex.org/W2048923034","https://openalex.org/W2058389979","https://openalex.org/W2068764033","https://openalex.org/W2069259521","https://openalex.org/W2097712253","https://openalex.org/W2100567223","https://openalex.org/W2106543588","https://openalex.org/W2107672258","https://openalex.org/W2115033034","https://openalex.org/W2127723871","https://openalex.org/W2128406614","https://openalex.org/W2134570994","https://openalex.org/W2139855137","https://openalex.org/W2143085507","https://openalex.org/W2143354134","https://openalex.org/W2145386371","https://openalex.org/W2150739479","https://openalex.org/W2153641394","https://openalex.org/W2162652463","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2164403426","https://openalex.org/W2168395809","https://openalex.org/W2188422387","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2275858708","https://openalex.org/W2312211094","https://openalex.org/W2329151511","https://openalex.org/W2338594814","https://openalex.org/W2492125309","https://openalex.org/W2739989284","https://openalex.org/W2993781365","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3121143339","https://openalex.org/W3149235344","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4234772928","https://openalex.org/W4255551036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4364320738","https://openalex.org/W4366769300","https://openalex.org/W652771962","https://openalex.org/W2383559753","https://openalex.org/W2526586117","https://openalex.org/W103145789","https://openalex.org/W2745484466","https://openalex.org/W2085536994","https://openalex.org/W2766829492","https://openalex.org/W2784248601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"debt":[1,6,46,83,108,114],"is":[2,109],"analogous":[3],"to":[4,40,81,96],"technical":[5,113],"in":[7,47,57,73,84],"many":[8,64],"ways:":[9],"it":[10],"represents":[11],"the":[12,19,25,42,82,85,101,124],"state":[13],"of":[14,21,27,100],"software":[15,60,125],"development":[16],"organisations":[17],"as":[18],"result":[20],"\u201caccumulated\u201d":[22],"decisions.":[23],"In":[24,49],"case":[26],"social":[28,45,68,107],"debt,":[29],"decisions":[30],"are":[31],"about":[32],"people":[33],"and":[34,76,115],"their":[35],"interactions.":[36],"Our":[37],"objective":[38],"was":[39],"study":[41],"causality":[43],"around":[44],"practice.":[48],"so":[50],"doing,":[51],"we":[52,70,89],"conducted":[53],"exploratory":[54],"qualitative":[55],"research":[56],"a":[58,74],"large":[59],"company.":[61],"We":[62,104],"found":[63],"forces":[65,117],"together":[66,122],"causing":[67],"debt;":[69],"represented":[71],"them":[72],"framework,":[75],"captured":[77],"anti-patterns":[78],"that":[79,93,106],"led":[80],"first":[86],"place.":[87],"Finally,":[88],"elicited":[90],"best":[91],"practices":[92],"technicians":[94],"adopted":[95],"pay":[97],"back":[98],"some":[99],"accumulated":[102],"debt.":[103],"learned":[105],"strongly":[110],"correlated":[111],"with":[112,121],"both":[116],"should":[118],"be":[119],"reckoned":[120],"during":[123],"process.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}