{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406745725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","title":"Can open source large language models be used for tumor documentation in Germany?\u2014An evaluation on urological doctors\u2019 notes","display_name":"Can open source large language models be used for tumor documentation in Germany?\u2014An evaluation on urological doctors\u2019 notes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406745725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40707949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060533947","display_name":"Stefan Lenz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-1743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Lenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. stefan.lenz@uni-mainz.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. stefan.lenz@uni-mainz.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039591070","display_name":"Arsenij Ustjanzew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsenij Ustjanzew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116001008","display_name":"Marco Jeray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Jeray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Privacy, Compliance, and Risk Management Office, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Privacy, Compliance, and Risk Management Office, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Meike Ressing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meike Ressing","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR), Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR), Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085402809","display_name":"Torsten Panholzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-6120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Panholzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060533947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543","https://openalex.org/I4210094062"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00458283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4383000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4383000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.10140000283718109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.07419999688863754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.8898597955703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5107696056365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45008155703544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2840766906738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.06164067983627319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.8898597955703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5107696056365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45008155703544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2840766906738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.06164067983627319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40707949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40707949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData mining","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2501.12106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12106","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.12106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40b914297da64b38ad91e23bc3947de4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40b914297da64b38ad91e23bc3947de4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-25 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12291363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12291363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BioData Min","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2501.12106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.12106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00463-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5160696472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ 01ZZ2106A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336167","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406745725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406745725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394963055","https://openalex.org/W4281763794","https://openalex.org/W4402670687","https://openalex.org/W4400916916","https://openalex.org/W4362522726","https://openalex.org/W6965045578","https://openalex.org/W4402713323","https://openalex.org/W4408462116","https://openalex.org/W4406152263","https://openalex.org/W4394768254","https://openalex.org/W4391876619","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W4391940656","https://openalex.org/W3205068155","https://openalex.org/W4385570446","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2911293880","https://openalex.org/W4393147146","https://openalex.org/W4322766882","https://openalex.org/W6927350376","https://openalex.org/W4365514966","https://openalex.org/W3156308192","https://openalex.org/W4205183939","https://openalex.org/W4292133676","https://openalex.org/W4309111272","https://openalex.org/W4386701122","https://openalex.org/W6847076894","https://openalex.org/W3114950584","https://openalex.org/W4401455922","https://openalex.org/W4394943312","https://openalex.org/W2464085527","https://openalex.org/W4319460874","https://openalex.org/W4387232979","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W4399305008","https://openalex.org/W4399738410","https://openalex.org/W4403550978","https://openalex.org/W4409280355","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4404565937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Tumor":[1],"documentation":[2,17,127,305],"in":[3,20,22,30,56,77,178,189,207,248,306,341],"Germany":[4],"is":[5,68,314],"currently":[6],"a":[7,149,237,269,328],"largely":[8],"manual":[9],"process.":[10,53],"It":[11],"involves":[12],"reading":[13],"the":[14,43,47,57,75,125,137,144,171,174,184,187,208,246,253,307,312,322,333],"textual":[15],"patient":[16],"and":[18,49,135,181,199,288,294,337],"filling":[19],"forms":[21],"dedicated":[23],"databases":[24],"to":[25,64,70,81,111,169,182,257],"obtain":[26],"structured":[27],"data.":[28],"Advances":[29],"information":[31],"extraction":[32],"techniques":[33],"that":[34,331],"build":[35],"on":[36,146,156],"large":[37],"language":[38],"models":[39,193,229,298],"(LLMs)":[40],"could":[41,243,281],"have":[42],"potential":[44,271],"for":[45,74,94,124,261,272,303,311],"enhancing":[46],"efficiency":[48],"reliability":[50],"of":[51,139,151,173,176,186,255,335],"this":[52,95],"Evaluating":[54],"LLMs":[55,90,105,145,188,256,267],"German":[58],"medical":[59,239,343],"domain,":[60],"especially":[61],"their":[62,72],"ability":[63,254],"interpret":[65],"specialized":[66],"language,":[67],"essential":[69],"determine":[71],"suitability":[73],"use":[76],"clinical":[78,304],"documentation.":[79,263,275],"Due":[80],"data":[82,215,323],"protection":[83],"regulations,":[84],"only":[85],"locally":[86],"deployed":[87],"open":[88,103],"source":[89,104,266],"are":[91],"generally":[92],"suitable":[93],"application.":[96],"METHODS:":[97],"The":[98,192,309],"evaluation":[99,313],"employs":[100],"eleven":[101],"different":[102,238],"with":[106,211],"sizes":[107],"ranging":[108],"from":[109,160,236,277,316],"1":[110],"70":[112],"billion":[113,221,279],"model":[114],"parameters.":[115],"Three":[116],"basic":[117],"tasks":[118,259],"were":[119,167],"selected":[120],"as":[121],"representative":[122],"examples":[123,177],"tumor":[126,130,262,274],"process:":[128],"identifying":[129],"diagnoses,":[131],"assigning":[132],"ICD-10":[133],"codes,":[134],"extracting":[136],"date":[138],"first":[140],"diagnosis.":[141],"For":[142],"evaluating":[143],"these":[147,297],"tasks,":[148],"dataset":[150],"annotated":[152],"text":[153],"snippets":[154],"based":[155],"anonymized":[157],"doctors'":[158],"notes":[159],"urology":[161,242],"was":[162],"prepared.":[163],"Different":[164],"prompting":[165,180],"strategies":[166],"used":[168],"investigate":[170],"effect":[172],"number":[175],"few-shot":[179,249],"explore":[183],"capabilities":[185],"general.":[190],"RESULTS:":[191],"Llama":[194],"3.1":[195],"8B,":[196],"Mistral":[197,200],"7B,":[198],"NeMo":[201],"12":[202],"B":[203],"performed":[204],"comparably":[205],"well":[206],"tasks.":[209],"Models":[210,276],"less":[212],"extensive":[213],"training":[214],"or":[216],"having":[217],"fewer":[218],"than":[219,241],"7":[220],"parameters":[222,280],"showed":[223],"notably":[224],"lower":[225],"performance,":[226],"while":[227],"larger":[228],"did":[230],"not":[231],"display":[232],"performance":[233,287],"gains.":[234],"Examples":[235],"domain":[240],"also":[244,320],"improve":[245],"outcome":[247],"prompting,":[250,296],"which":[251],"demonstrates":[252],"handle":[258],"needed":[260],"CONCLUSIONS:":[264],"Open":[265],"show":[268],"strong":[270],"automating":[273],"7-12":[278],"offer":[282],"an":[283],"optimal":[284],"balance":[285],"between":[286],"resource":[289,330],"efficiency.":[290],"With":[291],"tailored":[292],"fine-tuning":[293],"well-designed":[295],"might":[299],"become":[300],"important":[301],"tools":[302],"future.":[308],"code":[310],"available":[315],"https://github.com/stefan-m-lenz/UroLlmEval":[317],".":[318],"We":[319],"release":[321],"set":[324],"under":[325],"https://huggingface.co/datasets/stefan-m-lenz/UroLlmEvalSet":[326],"providing":[327],"valuable":[329],"addresses":[332],"shortage":[334],"authentic":[336],"easily":[338],"accessible":[339],"benchmarks":[340],"German-language":[342],"NLP.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-01-24T00:00:00"}