{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409150401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","title":"Few-shot biomedical NER empowered by LLMs-assisted data augmentation and multi-scale feature extraction","display_name":"Few-shot biomedical NER empowered by LLMs-assisted data augmentation and multi-scale feature extraction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409150401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40181396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017835678","display_name":"Di Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postdoctoral Workstation of Dalian Yongia Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Workstation of Dalian Yongia Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China. zhaodi@dlnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093837459","display_name":"Wenxuan Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107002934","display_name":"Xiangxing Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxing Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319119","display_name":"Shuang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2097-9108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006941524","display_name":"Yonghe Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-5694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghe Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101611041","display_name":"Jiana Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiana Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Jinshitan Street, Jinzhou District, Dalian, 116650, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109284752","display_name":"Hongfei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":16.3124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98929654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"28","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.838192343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.564814031124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5513033866882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5393410325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5154205560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.494326114654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4641128182411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.451757550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3482740521430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3333923816680908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.838192343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.564814031124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5513033866882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5393410325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5154205560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.494326114654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4641128182411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.451757550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3482740521430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3333923816680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40181396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40181396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData mining","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:504fc125be414c96b229d82cb98b0cb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/504fc125be414c96b229d82cb98b0cb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10783105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11969866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","pdf_url":"https://biodatamining.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13040-025-00443-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84409260","display_name":"BioData Mining","issn_l":"1756-0381","issn":["1756-0381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioData Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056383464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"140250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2575492767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0854-53","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4239843642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-BS-104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409150401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409150401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032566933","https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2346452181","https://openalex.org/W2769387903","https://openalex.org/W2779457220","https://openalex.org/W2904415434","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2912691650","https://openalex.org/W3004047707","https://openalex.org/W3046375318","https://openalex.org/W3098727690","https://openalex.org/W3099591453","https://openalex.org/W3104182623","https://openalex.org/W3105470358","https://openalex.org/W3116073690","https://openalex.org/W3177312484","https://openalex.org/W3197893554","https://openalex.org/W3200787399","https://openalex.org/W3212769596","https://openalex.org/W4224095956","https://openalex.org/W4226470037","https://openalex.org/W4251495171","https://openalex.org/W4284706228","https://openalex.org/W4285106586","https://openalex.org/W4285114721","https://openalex.org/W4285176401","https://openalex.org/W4293043115","https://openalex.org/W4321434374","https://openalex.org/W4366308390","https://openalex.org/W4367298452","https://openalex.org/W4382202624","https://openalex.org/W4385572779","https://openalex.org/W4385573255","https://openalex.org/W4385647457","https://openalex.org/W4387068131","https://openalex.org/W4387848790","https://openalex.org/W4389518918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375873920","https://openalex.org/W2146114872","https://openalex.org/W2392060890","https://openalex.org/W2392760275","https://openalex.org/W2083530853","https://openalex.org/W2009831055","https://openalex.org/W2393172683","https://openalex.org/W3211744874","https://openalex.org/W1994626569","https://openalex.org/W2368686738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Named":[0],"Entity":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(NER)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5],"fundamental":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,40,61,113,143,163],"processing":[9],"biomedical":[10,128],"text.":[11],"Due":[12],"to":[13,26,88,108],"the":[14,32,62,69,96,124,136,139,157,160],"limited":[15],"availability":[16],"of":[17,34,51,159],"labeled":[18],"data,":[19],"researchers":[20],"have":[21],"investigated":[22],"few-shot":[23,41,145],"learning":[24],"methods":[25,37,55],"tackle":[27],"this":[28],"challenge.":[29],"However,":[30],"replicating":[31],"performance":[33],"fully":[35],"supervised":[36],"remains":[38],"difficult":[39],"scenarios.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"addresses":[45],"two":[46],"main":[47],"issues.":[48],"In":[49],"terms":[50],"data":[52,91,164],"augmentation,":[53],"existing":[54],"primarily":[56],"focus":[57],"on":[58,120,126],"replacing":[59],"content":[60],"original":[63],"text,":[64],"which":[65],"can":[66],"potentially":[67],"distort":[68],"semantics.":[70],"Furthermore,":[71],"current":[72,140],"approaches":[73],"often":[74],"neglect":[75],"sentence":[76],"features":[77],"at":[78],"multiple":[79],"scales.":[80],"To":[81],"overcome":[82],"these":[83],"challenges,":[84],"we":[85,104],"utilize":[86],"ChatGPT":[87],"generate":[89],"enriched":[90],"with":[92],"distinct":[93],"semantics":[94],"for":[95],"same":[97],"entities,":[98],"thereby":[99],"reducing":[100],"noisy":[101],"data.":[102],"Simultaneously,":[103],"employ":[105],"dynamic":[106],"convolution":[107],"capture":[109],"multi-scale":[110],"semantic":[111],"information":[112],"sentences":[114],"and":[115,135,166],"enhance":[116],"feature":[117],"representation":[118],"based":[119],"PubMedBERT.":[121],"We":[122],"evaluated":[123],"experiments":[125],"four":[127],"NER":[129],"datasets":[130],"(BC5CDR-Disease,":[131],"NCBI,":[132],"BioNLP11EPI,":[133],"BioNLP13GE),":[134],"results":[137,155],"exceeded":[138],"state-of-the-art":[141],"models":[142,151],"most":[144],"scenarios,":[146],"including":[147],"mainstream":[148],"large":[149],"language":[150],"like":[152],"ChatGPT.":[153],"The":[154],"confirm":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"proposed":[161],"method":[162],"augmentation":[165],"model":[167],"generalization.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}