{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7132842715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","title":"Predicting adverse prognostic outcomes in hospitalized breast cancer patients: development and validation of a risk model","display_name":"Predicting adverse prognostic outcomes in hospitalized breast cancer patients: development and validation of a risk model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7132842715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127735606","display_name":"Liya Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127460","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02h8a1848","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139449","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049dkqr57","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liya Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Ningxia, 750004, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Ningxia, 750004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449","https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127548411","display_name":"Endi Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093609","display_name":"Digital China Health (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00n49pr77","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health China Technologies Co., LTD, Floor 19, China Technology Exchange Building, 66 West Beisihuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health China Technologies Co., LTD, Floor 19, China Technology Exchange Building, 66 West Beisihuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127544468","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127460","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02h8a1848","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139449","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049dkqr57","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Ningxia, 750004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Ningxia, 750004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449","https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127698310","display_name":"Mengchun Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176834541","display_name":"Guangdong Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04k5rxe29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176834541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093609","display_name":"Digital China Health (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00n49pr77","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengchun Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health China Technologies Co., LTD, Floor 19, China Technology Exchange Building, 66 West Beisihuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","The Biomedical Engineering College of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health China Technologies Co., LTD, Floor 19, China Technology Exchange Building, 66 West Beisihuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Biomedical Engineering College of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176834541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127518291","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. cli@xjtu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. cli@xjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127518291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2134459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.25780001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.25780001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.10869999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10178","display_name":"Cancer survivorship and care","score":0.09229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effect","display_name":"Adverse effect","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undersampling","display_name":"Undersampling","score":0.3395000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859063","display_name":"Metastatic breast cancer","level":4,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41764480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6492e92149d74c188a09f484b2b91de7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6492e92149d74c188a09f484b2b91de7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13020269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13020269/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03402-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5348337292671204,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316092","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Ningxia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940689983","https://openalex.org/W3028499805","https://openalex.org/W3216448540","https://openalex.org/W4210568616","https://openalex.org/W4220713424","https://openalex.org/W4281560766","https://openalex.org/W4294754495","https://openalex.org/W4311018441","https://openalex.org/W4376118166","https://openalex.org/W4386450967","https://openalex.org/W4389132319","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4402927398","https://openalex.org/W4404850711","https://openalex.org/W4406380170","https://openalex.org/W4407013025","https://openalex.org/W4407425985","https://openalex.org/W4407430659","https://openalex.org/W4408158633"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Breast":[1],"cancer":[2,29],"prognosis":[3,190],"is":[4],"influenced":[5],"by":[6,191],"diverse":[7],"clinical":[8,33,193,207],"factors,":[9],"necessitating":[10],"advanced":[11],"predictive":[12],"tools":[13],"for":[14],"personalized":[15],"treatment.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"developed":[19],"machine":[20,61,82],"learning":[21,62,83,182],"models":[22,84],"to":[23,94],"predict":[24],"adverse":[25,49],"outcomes":[26],"in":[27,174,199],"breast":[28],"patients":[30,41],"using":[31,87],"comprehensive":[32],"data.":[34],"METHODS:":[35],"We":[36],"analyzed":[37],"data":[38,201],"from":[39],"4,242":[40],"(3,836":[42],"with":[43,48,123],"stable":[44],"progression":[45],"and":[46,60,77,90,111,128,159,186,194,202,216],"406":[47],"outcomes)":[50],"at":[51],"a":[52],"single":[53],"institution.":[54],"Feature":[55],"selection":[56],"via":[57,101,204],"univariate/multivariate":[58],"analysis":[59,144],"importance":[63],"ranking":[64],"identified":[65],"10":[66],"key":[67],"predictors,":[68],"including":[69],"metastasis":[70,146],"stage,":[71],"hospitalization":[72],"duration,":[73],"total":[74],"healthcare":[75],"costs,":[76],"laboratory":[78,195],"test":[79],"results.":[80],"Ten":[81],"were":[85,163],"evaluated":[86],"1:1,":[88],"1:2,":[89],"1:3":[91,178],"undersampling":[92],"ratios":[93],"address":[95],"class":[96,139],"imbalance.":[97],"Performance":[98],"was":[99],"assessed":[100],"accuracy,":[102,125],"sensitivity,":[103,127],"specificity,":[104],"the":[105,108,152],"area":[106],"under":[107,177],"curve":[109],"(AUC),":[110],"precision.":[112],"RESULTS:":[113],"The":[114],"Random":[115],"Forest":[116],"(RF)":[117],"model":[118],"achieved":[119],"an":[120],"optimal":[121],"balance":[122],"88.69%":[124],"0.733":[126],"0.952":[129],"specificity":[130,175],"(AUC":[131,170],"range:":[132],"0.881\u20130.898)":[133],"across":[134],"sampling":[135],"ratios,":[136],"demonstrating":[137],"superior":[138],"separation.SHapley":[140],"Additive":[141],"exPlanations":[142],"(SHAP)":[143],"revealed":[145],"(SHAP":[147],"=":[148],"+":[149],"6.0)":[150],"as":[151],"strongest":[153],"risk":[154],"factor,":[155],"while":[156],"marital":[157],"status":[158],"Luminal":[160],"A":[161],"subtype":[162],"protective.":[164],"Logistic":[165],"Regression(LR)":[166],"also":[167],"performed":[168],"robustly":[169],">":[171],"0.88),":[172],"excelling":[173],"(0.950":[176],"undersampling).":[179],"CONCLUSION:":[180],"Machine":[181],"models,":[183],"particularly":[184],"RF":[185],"LR,":[187],"effectively":[188],"predicted":[189],"integrating":[192],"features.":[196],"RF\u2019s":[197],"stability":[198],"imbalanced":[200],"interpretability":[203],"SHAP":[205],"enhanced":[206],"utility.":[208],"Future":[209],"multi-center":[210],"studies":[211],"should":[212],"validate":[213],"these":[214],"findings":[215],"explore":[217],"causal":[218],"mechanisms.":[219],"CLINICAL":[220],"TRIAL":[221],"NUMBER:":[222],"Not":[223],"applicable.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-03-01T00:00:00"}