{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130825361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","title":"Electrocardiogram-based deep learning score for coronary artery calcification reclassifies cardiovascular risk and identifies screening candidates","display_name":"Electrocardiogram-based deep learning score for coronary artery calcification reclassifies cardiovascular risk and identifies screening candidates","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130825361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41723484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018867508","display_name":"C HAN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changho Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063502620","display_name":"Seng Chan You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-6399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seng Chan You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125143913","display_name":"H C Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Chul Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126530041","display_name":"Jin Young Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160791","display_name":"Yonsei University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/04sze3c15","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Young Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea","Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea","Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160791","https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125170672","display_name":"H Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Seok Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078328505","display_name":"ChulHyoung Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ChulHyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125034172","display_name":"H N Pak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160791","display_name":"Yonsei University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/04sze3c15","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Nam Pak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125040103","display_name":"O S Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160791","display_name":"Yonsei University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/04sze3c15","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oh-Seok Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124998265","display_name":"S Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songsoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108152274","display_name":"Jung-Sun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Sun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 16995, Republic of Korea. kjs1218@yuhs.ac"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 16995, Republic of Korea. kjs1218@yuhs.ac","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103683453","display_name":"Yoon Dh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144648050","display_name":"Yong In University","ror":"https://ror.org/035qaq447","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144648050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801047068","display_name":"University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01d9cs377","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801047068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160791","display_name":"Yonsei University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/04sze3c15","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dukyong Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160791","https://openalex.org/I2801047068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144648050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dukyong.yoon@yonsei.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103683453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144648050","https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I2801047068","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29389051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mace","display_name":"Mace","score":0.8065000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statin","display_name":"Statin","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biobank","display_name":"Biobank","score":0.39010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9222999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780739214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723023","display_name":"Mace","level":4,"score":0.8065000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776839432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954845","display_name":"Statin","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629407","display_name":"Coronary artery calcium","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012884","display_name":"Appropriate Use Criteria","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776127602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038319","display_name":"Cardiac imaging","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3291156","display_name":"Population health","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41723484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41723484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41303382db884dca80e6ed3cf0deb5d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41303382db884dca80e6ed3cf0deb5d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13032273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13032273/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03400-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5509684085845947,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1890150525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00276320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6407865573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00141473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318847","funder_display_name":"Korea Medical Device Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318847","display_name":"Korea Medical Device Development Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00fdzyk40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823254","https://openalex.org/W55954079","https://openalex.org/W243886314","https://openalex.org/W1761502526","https://openalex.org/W1969678022","https://openalex.org/W1977041256","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2530920598","https://openalex.org/W2804313283","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W2949304560","https://openalex.org/W2953059279","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2965520043","https://openalex.org/W3002553050","https://openalex.org/W3025275587","https://openalex.org/W3109241202","https://openalex.org/W3127637041","https://openalex.org/W3127657277","https://openalex.org/W3199206152","https://openalex.org/W3201699736","https://openalex.org/W3211659156","https://openalex.org/W4225358214","https://openalex.org/W4256029459","https://openalex.org/W4390904449","https://openalex.org/W4394857110"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coronary":[0],"artery":[1],"calcium":[2],"(CAC)":[3],"scoring":[4],"is":[5,26],"included":[6],"in":[7,114,202,231,245,256,266,296,302],"major":[8,130],"guidelines":[9],"to":[10,59,110,200,229,348],"guide":[11],"statin":[12,124,291],"decisions":[13],"when":[14,321],"conventional":[15,324,349],"cardiovascular":[16,132,147,350],"risk":[17,89,316,351],"assessments":[18],"are":[19,33,190,220],"inconclusive.":[20],"While":[21],"computed":[22],"tomography":[23],"for":[24,28,39,52,118,170,187,217,333],"CAC":[25,53,121,172,195,224,243,334],"impractical":[27],"routine":[29],"use,":[30],"electrocardiograms":[31],"(ECGs)":[32],"widely":[34],"available,":[35],"offering":[36],"broader":[37],"opportunities":[38],"early":[40],"detection.":[41],"Extending":[42],"our":[43],"prior":[44],"work":[45],"demonstrating":[46],"an":[47,84,313,331],"ECG-based":[48],"deep":[49],"learning":[50],"model":[51,86,151,207,236,263,273,310,328],"prediction":[54,320],"(ECG-CAC":[55],"model),":[56],"we":[57,82],"aimed":[58],"develop":[60],"a":[61,88,139,339],"more":[62],"robust":[63,177],"model,":[64],"while":[65],"also":[66],"comprehensively":[67],"assessing":[68],"its":[69,112],"clinical":[70,307],"utility.":[71],"Using":[72],"nearly":[73],"200,000":[74],"standard":[75],"12-lead":[76],"ECGs":[77],"from":[78,99,198,227],"Severance":[79],"Hospital":[80],"(SH),":[81],"developed":[83],"ECG-CAC":[85,150,206,235,262,272,309,327],"producing":[87],"score":[90,311],"reflecting":[91],"the":[92,105,155,297,303],"likelihood":[93],"of":[94,141,160,341],"CAC.":[95],"We":[96],"utilized":[97],"data":[98],"three":[100],"health":[101],"checkup":[102],"centers":[103],"and":[104,123,127,146,212,299,318,335],"United":[106],"Kingdom":[107],"Biobank":[108],"(UKB)":[109],"evaluate":[111],"performance":[113],"predicting":[115,171],"CAC,":[116],"potential":[117,337],"guiding":[119],"targeted":[120,242],"screening":[122,244],"therapy":[125,292],"decisions,":[126],"association":[128],"with":[129,176,323],"adverse":[131],"events":[133],"(MACE).":[134],"MACE":[135,248,315],"was":[136,254,312],"defined":[137],"as":[138,205,234,261,271,330,338],"composite":[140],"myocardial":[142],"infarction,":[143],"ischemic":[144],"stroke,":[145],"death.":[148],"The":[149,326],"achieved":[152],"areas":[153],"under":[154],"receiver":[156],"operating":[157],"characteristic":[158],"curve":[159],"0.741":[161],"(95%":[162,166],"confidence":[163,167],"interval:":[164,168],"0.732\u20130.749)/0.837":[165],"0.821\u20130.851)":[169],"scores":[173],">":[174],"0/\u2265400,":[175],"external":[178],"validation.":[179],"Among":[180],"Pooled":[181],"Cohort":[182],"Equations":[183],"(PCE)":[184],"low-risk":[185,237,258,274],"individuals,":[186,216],"whom":[188,218],"statins":[189,219],"not":[191],"recommended":[192,221],"unless":[193,222],"CAC-positive,":[194],"prevalence":[196],"rose":[197,226],"24.9%":[199],"49.8%":[201],"those":[203,232],"reclassified":[204,233,260,270],"high-risk":[208,264],"(P":[209,238],"<":[210,239],"0.001),":[211,240],"among":[213],"PCE":[214,257,267],"moderate-risk":[215,268],"CAC-negative,":[223],"absence":[225],"35.4%":[228],"53.9%":[230],"supporting":[241],"these":[246],"groups.":[247],"incidence":[249],"rate":[250],"per":[251],"1000":[252],"person-years":[253],"higher":[255],"individuals":[259,269],"than":[265],"(SH:":[275],"6.4":[276],"vs.":[277,284],"3.4,":[278],"P":[279,286],"=":[280,287],"0.026;":[281],"UKB:":[282],"8.1":[283],"5.1,":[285],"0.183),":[288],"suggesting":[289],"that":[290],"could":[293],"be":[294],"considered":[295],"former":[298],"potentially":[300],"deferred":[301],"latter,":[304],"pending":[305],"further":[306],"evaluation.":[308],"independent":[314],"factor":[317],"improved":[319],"combined":[322],"tools.":[325,353],"serves":[329],"indicator":[332],"shows":[336],"biomarker":[340],"coronary-cerebrovascular":[342],"atherosclerotic":[343],"burden,":[344],"providing":[345],"incremental":[346],"value":[347],"stratification":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-22T00:00:00"}