{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416597466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","title":"Artificial intelligence in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of diagnostic and predictive applications","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of diagnostic and predictive applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416597466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41286838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058606988","display_name":"Mustafa Ghaderzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-3843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ghaderzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boukan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boukan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070286745","display_name":"Ali Garavand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121602497","display_name":"Lorestan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/035t7rn63","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121602497"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Garavand","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121602497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073090970","display_name":"Cirruse Salehnasab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-9307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128112","display_name":"Yasuj University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037s33w94","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128112"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cirruse Salehnasab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. cirruse.salehnasab@gmail.com","Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. cirruse.salehnasab@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073090970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128112"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":7.0803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98942421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"427","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.9225999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.9225999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10550","display_name":"Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10832","display_name":"Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycystic-ovary","display_name":"Polycystic ovary","score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.36239999532699585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6462000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018442814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500816","display_name":"Polycystic ovary","level":4,"score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097786","descriptor_name":"Soft Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097786","descriptor_name":"Soft Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011085","descriptor_name":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011085","descriptor_name":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41286838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41286838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11448814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12642037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac1bf2a60cf2483faaadfbd585ab0fc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac1bf2a60cf2483faaadfbd585ab0fc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03255-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416597466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416597466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577097214","https://openalex.org/W2107638293","https://openalex.org/W2186218348","https://openalex.org/W2398526138","https://openalex.org/W2888242870","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2977074551","https://openalex.org/W3083992516","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3122605402","https://openalex.org/W3124909883","https://openalex.org/W3137245688","https://openalex.org/W4212784858","https://openalex.org/W4224104512","https://openalex.org/W4236619680","https://openalex.org/W4280572991","https://openalex.org/W4312754739","https://openalex.org/W4327567140","https://openalex.org/W4360788061","https://openalex.org/W4366159849","https://openalex.org/W4386084194","https://openalex.org/W4386085407","https://openalex.org/W4386161419","https://openalex.org/W4391281721","https://openalex.org/W4393930311","https://openalex.org/W4399159797","https://openalex.org/W4402163891","https://openalex.org/W4404512494","https://openalex.org/W4407772486","https://openalex.org/W4408477201","https://openalex.org/W4410319871","https://openalex.org/W4410775701","https://openalex.org/W4410808921","https://openalex.org/W4411407010","https://openalex.org/W4411410040","https://openalex.org/W4411795563","https://openalex.org/W4412191442","https://openalex.org/W4413681924","https://openalex.org/W4413985901"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polycystic":[0],"ovary":[1],"syndrome":[2],"(PCOS)":[3],"is":[4,292],"one":[5,127],"of":[6,14,16,25,73,96,107,148,221,233,246,251,310,315,364,409,426,446,451,464],"the":[7,23,93,146,169,455],"most":[8,381],"common":[9],"endocrine":[10],"disorders,":[11],"affecting":[12],"8\u201313%":[13],"women":[15],"reproductive":[17],"age.":[18],"Its":[19],"heterogeneous":[20],"presentation":[21],"and":[22,31,49,92,105,123,134,143,150,159,182,192,202,215,228,240,249,266,278,284,297,312,321,331,344,377,398,407,413,424,448,461,473],"variability":[24],"diagnostic":[26,81,286,338],"criteria":[27],"make":[28],"accurate":[29],"diagnosis":[30,277,460],"effective":[32],"management":[33,463],"challenging.":[34],"Artificial":[35],"intelligence":[36],"(AI)":[37],"methods,":[38,225],"including":[39],"machine":[40],"learning":[41,44],"(ML),":[42],"deep":[43],"(DL),":[45],"explainable":[46],"AI":[47,74,119,270,453],"(XAI),":[48],"large":[50,303],"language":[51],"models":[52,173,330,382],"(LLMs),":[53],"have":[54],"recently":[55],"emerged":[56],"as":[57,211],"promising":[58],"approaches":[59],"to":[60,68,113,121,274,317,457],"address":[61],"these":[62,374],"gaps.":[63],"This":[64],"systematic":[65,308],"review":[66],"aimed":[67],"provide":[69],"a":[70],"comprehensive":[71],"synthesis":[72],"applications":[75],"in":[76,200,342],"PCOS,":[77,465],"with":[78,137,177,357,419],"emphasis":[79],"on":[80,439,470],"performance,":[82],"biomarker":[83],"discovery,":[84],"risk":[85,360],"prediction,":[86],"clinical":[87,201,229,290,345,395],"decision":[88,241],"support,":[89],"model":[90],"interpretability,":[91],"emerging":[94,390],"use":[95,309],"generative":[97],"AI.":[98],"Following":[99],"PRISMA":[100],"2020":[101],"guidelines,":[102],"PubMed,":[103],"Scopus,":[104],"Web":[106],"Science":[108],"were":[109,153,431],"searched":[110],"from":[111],"inception":[112],"March":[114],"2025.":[115],"Eligible":[116],"studies":[117,167,206,222,257,348,365],"applied":[118,223,366],"techniques":[120],"PCOS":[122,276,326],"reported":[124],"at":[125],"least":[126],"performance":[128,199],"metric.":[129],"Two":[130],"reviewers":[131],"independently":[132],"screened":[133],"extracted":[135],"data,":[136],"quality":[138],"appraisal":[139],"conducted":[140],"using":[141],"QUADAS-2":[142,412],"ROBIS.":[144],"Given":[145],"heterogeneity":[147],"designs":[149],"outcomes,":[151],"findings":[152],"narratively":[154],"synthesized":[155],"across":[156,256],"imaging,":[157],"clinical/EHR,":[158],"biomarker/-omics":[160],"domains.":[161],"From":[162],"662":[163],"retrieved":[164],"records,":[165],"80":[166],"met":[168],"inclusion":[170],"criteria.":[171],"CNN-based":[172,328],"dominated":[174],"imaging":[175,329],"applications,":[176],"accuracies":[178],"often":[179],"exceeding":[180],"95%":[181],"occasionally":[183],"reaching":[184],"98\u201399%.":[185],"Supervised":[186],"ML":[187,333],"approaches,":[188],"particularly":[189],"random":[190],"forests":[191],"support":[193,242],"vector":[194],"machines,":[195],"achieved":[196],"consistent":[197],"high":[198],"biochemical":[203],"datasets.":[204],"Omics-based":[205],"revealed":[207,416],"novel":[208,350],"biomarkers":[209],"such":[210],"HDDC3,":[212],"SDC2,":[213,354],"MAP1LC3A,":[214,355],"OVGP1.":[216],"However,":[217],"only":[218],"about":[219,404],"one-quarter":[220],"XAI":[224,367],"limiting":[226],"transparency":[227],"trust.":[230],"Early":[231],"evaluations":[232],"LLMs":[234,316,385],"suggested":[235],"potential":[236,358,456],"for":[237,359,392],"patient":[238,393,420],"education":[239],"but":[243,380,401,466],"highlighted":[244],"risks":[245],"bias,":[247,406],"hallucination,":[248,405],"lack":[250,408,425],"domain-specific":[252,410],"training.":[253,411],"Key":[254],"limitations":[255],"included":[258],"small":[259],"sample":[260],"sizes,":[261],"class":[262],"imbalance,":[263],"methodological":[264],"heterogeneity,":[265],"limited":[267],"external":[268,427],"validation.":[269,299,428],"offers":[271],"substantial":[272],"opportunities":[273],"advance":[275],"prediction":[279],"by":[280,294],"integrating":[281],"multimodal":[282,442],"data":[283],"reducing":[285,340,433],"subjectivity.":[287],"Yet":[288],"its":[289],"adoption":[291,467],"constrained":[293],"interpretability":[295,376],"gaps":[296],"insufficient":[298],"Future":[300,435],"priorities":[301],"include":[302],"multicenter":[304,440],"studies,":[305],"standardized":[306],"reporting,":[307],"XAI,":[311,447],"careful":[313],"evaluation":[314,450],"ensure":[318],"safe,":[319],"equitable,":[320],"clinically":[322],"meaningful":[323],"integration":[324],"into":[325],"care.":[327],"supervised":[332],"classifiers":[334],"consistently":[335],"outperformed":[336],"traditional":[337],"criteria,":[339],"subjectivity":[341],"ultrasound":[343],"assessment.":[346],"Omics-driven":[347],"identified":[349],"candidate":[351],"genes":[352],"(HDDC3,":[353],"OVGP1)":[356],"stratification.":[361],"Only":[362],"~25%":[363],"methods":[368],"(SHAP,":[369],"LIME,":[370],"Grad-CAM).":[371],"Where":[372],"used,":[373],"improved":[375],"clinician":[378,474],"confidence,":[379],"remained":[383],"opaque.":[384],"(ChatGPT,":[386],"BERT,":[387],"Gemini)":[388],"are":[389],"tools":[391],"communication,":[394],"note":[396],"summarization,":[397],"literature":[399],"synthesis,":[400],"raise":[402],"concerns":[403],"ROBIS":[414],"assessments":[415],"frequent":[417],"issues":[418],"selection,":[421],"dataset":[422],"representativeness,":[423],"Kaggle":[429],"datasets":[430],"overused,":[432],"generalizability.":[434],"work":[436],"should":[437],"focus":[438],"collaborations,":[441],"integration,":[443],"routine":[444],"incorporation":[445],"robust":[449],"LLMs.":[452],"has":[454],"enhance":[458],"early":[459],"personalized":[462],"will":[468],"depend":[469],"reproducibility,":[471],"transparency,":[472],"trust":[475],"rather":[476],"than":[477],"accuracy":[478],"alone.":[479]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T07:12:00.856984","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
