{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415964766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","title":"Treatment decision support for esophageal cancer based on PET/CT data using deep learning","display_name":"Treatment decision support for esophageal cancer based on PET/CT data using deep learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415964766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41199255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049906270","display_name":"Qiuxiang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129708740","display_name":"Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/050s6ns64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121761","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/030e09f60","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuxiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740","https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081377354","display_name":"Fobao Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129708740","display_name":"Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/050s6ns64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121761","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/030e09f60","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fobao Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740","https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370049","display_name":"Zhiyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-0503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129708740","display_name":"Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/050s6ns64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129708740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121761","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/030e09f60","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China. czyong126@126.com","Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China. czyong126@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740","https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105 North Jiuyi Road, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129708740","https://openalex.org/I4210121761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.1418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82233588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"413","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.0771000012755394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.0632999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esophageal-cancer","display_name":"Esophageal cancer","score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informatics","display_name":"Informatics","score":0.3449000120162964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779742542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372701","display_name":"Esophageal cancer","level":3,"score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191630685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027615","display_name":"Informatics","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912193","display_name":"Esophageal disease","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780033181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24962805","display_name":"Decision aids","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41199255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41199255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a013abb059c4f04adbaed3ffb9caf3c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a013abb059c4f04adbaed3ffb9caf3c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11402958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12593911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03223-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415964766.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415964766.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960913379","https://openalex.org/W2024505981","https://openalex.org/W2109717687","https://openalex.org/W2116827834","https://openalex.org/W2164986334","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2601423367","https://openalex.org/W2972256896","https://openalex.org/W3001440478","https://openalex.org/W3004612364","https://openalex.org/W3115774531","https://openalex.org/W3129642315","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W4212847239","https://openalex.org/W4221005072","https://openalex.org/W4312204413","https://openalex.org/W4312847199","https://openalex.org/W4385836190","https://openalex.org/W4386076493","https://openalex.org/W4387737920","https://openalex.org/W4392756306","https://openalex.org/W4394813375","https://openalex.org/W4399647875","https://openalex.org/W4403042467","https://openalex.org/W4405945036","https://openalex.org/W4406850285","https://openalex.org/W4407174495","https://openalex.org/W4409262362","https://openalex.org/W6925148843"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Making":[1],"precise":[2],"treatment":[3,79,251],"decisions":[4,80],"in":[5,36,42,57,234],"esophageal":[6,82,255],"cancer":[7,256],"is":[8],"essential":[9],"for":[10,54,81,95,104,113,254],"enhancing":[11],"patient":[12],"outcomes":[13],"and":[14,70,108,130,135,141,160,194,216,228],"avoiding":[15],"overtreatment.":[16],"Traditional":[17],"approaches":[18],"relying":[19],"on":[20,74],"special":[21],"features":[22],"or":[23,206],"shallow":[24],"learning":[25,44,65,178,247],"models":[26],"often":[27],"fail":[28],"to":[29,48,77,188],"capture":[30],"the":[31,172,191,200,212,226],"complex,":[32],"multi-scale":[33,259],"patterns":[34],"embedded":[35],"PET/CT":[37,75],"imaging":[38],"data.":[39],"Recent":[40],"advances":[41],"deep":[43,64,246],"provide":[45],"an":[46,109,156],"opportunity":[47],"build":[49],"more":[50],"robust,":[51],"data-driven":[52],"systems":[53],"predictive":[55,237,272],"modeling":[56],"oncology.":[58],"METHODS:":[59],"We":[60],"propose":[61],"a":[62,87,100,161,243],"novel":[63,244],"model":[66,116,147],"that":[67,249,266],"integrates":[68],"convolutional":[69,134],"transformer-based":[71],"components":[72,233],"based":[73],"data":[76],"support":[78,253],"cancer.":[83],"The":[84,115,145,262],"architecture":[85,248],"introduces":[86],"Convolutional":[88,213],"Feature":[89,214],"Extractor":[90,215],"with":[91],"split-based":[92],"residual":[93],"blocks":[94],"efficient":[96],"local":[97],"feature":[98],"capture,":[99],"Multi-scale":[101,217],"Pooling":[102],"module":[103],"spatial":[105,260],"context":[106],"aggregation,":[107],"Multilayer":[110],"Perceptron":[111],"block":[112],"predicting.":[114],"was":[117],"evaluated":[118],"using":[119],"several":[120],"performance":[121,150,222],"metrics":[122],"such":[123,138,210],"as":[124,139,211],"AUCROC,":[125],"F1":[126],"score,":[127],"Balanced":[128,162],"Accuracy":[129,163],"benchmarked":[131],"against":[132],"state-of-the-art":[133],"transformer":[136],"backbones":[137],"ConvNeXt":[140],"Vision":[142],"Transformer.":[143],"RESULTS:":[144],"proposed":[146,201],"achieved":[148],"superior":[149],"across":[151],"all":[152],"evaluation":[153],"metrics,":[154],"including":[155],"AUCROC":[157],"of":[158,164,174,196,231],"0.9935":[159],"0.9630,":[165],"outperforming":[166],"existing":[167,275],"models.":[168],"These":[169],"results":[170],"validate":[171],"effectiveness":[173,195],"combining":[175],"local-global":[176],"representation":[177],"through":[179],"custom-designed":[180],"modules.":[181],"In":[182],"addition,":[183],"we":[184,219],"conducted":[185],"ablation":[186],"studies":[187],"further":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"individual":[192],"contributions":[193],"each":[197],"component":[198],"within":[199],"architecture.":[202],"By":[203],"systematically":[204],"removing":[205],"replacing":[207],"specific":[208],"modules":[209],"Pooling,":[218],"observed":[220],"consistent":[221],"degradation,":[223],"which":[224],"highlights":[225],"necessity":[227],"complementary":[229],"roles":[230],"these":[232],"achieving":[235],"optimal":[236],"accuracy.":[238],"CONCLUSIONS:":[239],"This":[240],"study":[241],"presents":[242],"hybrid":[245],"enhances":[250],"decision":[252],"by":[257],"leveraging":[258],"encoding.":[261],"empirical":[263],"evidence":[264],"demonstrates":[265],"tailored":[267],"architectural":[268],"innovations":[269],"significantly":[270],"improve":[271],"accuracy":[273],"over":[274],"methods.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}
