{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414892006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","title":"Development and external validation of a machine learning-based predictive model for acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","display_name":"Development and external validation of a machine learning-based predictive model for acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414892006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771603","display_name":"Xuejun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-1223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065439925","display_name":"Zhang De","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-2557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104668714","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137654","display_name":"Xuzhou Children Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02x98g831","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137654"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023750704","display_name":"Anshuo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zongwen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336237","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090173","display_name":"Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008x2am79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090173"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773548","display_name":"Li Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Center for Children's Medical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Center for Children's Medical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064191511","display_name":"Sijie Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijie Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064429875","display_name":"Hongxing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086513526","display_name":"Fanghong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanghong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Applied Mathematics, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Applied Mathematics, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660769","display_name":"Mo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-3549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shaojun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-5080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. lishaojun1980@hotmail.com","Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-5080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. lishaojun1980@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101879523","display_name":"Haiping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-9304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. oyhp0708@163.com","Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-9304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. oyhp0708@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008991","display_name":"Qiu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. liqiu809@126.com","Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-7168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. liqiu809@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372","https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428","https://openalex.org/I87780372"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":3.1,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92372426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"364","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-kidney-injury","display_name":"Acute kidney injury","score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-disease","display_name":"Kidney disease","score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrotic-syndrome","display_name":"Nephrotic syndrome","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatinine","display_name":"Creatinine","score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrology","display_name":"Nephrology","score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complication","display_name":"Complication","score":0.35010001063346863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424337","display_name":"Acute kidney injury","level":2,"score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778930706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504790","display_name":"Nephrotic syndrome","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126189478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468324","display_name":"Nephrotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779541074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185643","display_name":"Renal replacement therapy","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777747828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323002","display_name":"Minimal change disease","level":5,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058186","descriptor_name":"Acute Kidney Injury","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41057927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:145bb466316d48b881010ab71e539f9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/145bb466316d48b881010ab71e539f9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11313499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12505573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12505573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12505573/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03203-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2172462752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W0098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322595","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Medical University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2796437284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6896788473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0653","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6976134661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2705101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322595","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327639","display_name":"Centre Scientifique et Technique du B\u00e2timent","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsd1928"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414892006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414892006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977432053","https://openalex.org/W2065951290","https://openalex.org/W2067903003","https://openalex.org/W2115502173","https://openalex.org/W2254531928","https://openalex.org/W2576480757","https://openalex.org/W2579770386","https://openalex.org/W2753916497","https://openalex.org/W2770304572","https://openalex.org/W2796002551","https://openalex.org/W2903609476","https://openalex.org/W2906197667","https://openalex.org/W2911462778","https://openalex.org/W2923372709","https://openalex.org/W2960596792","https://openalex.org/W2973936144","https://openalex.org/W2976245377","https://openalex.org/W3083440619","https://openalex.org/W3097012673","https://openalex.org/W3162314785","https://openalex.org/W3163451504","https://openalex.org/W3191280566","https://openalex.org/W3195395700","https://openalex.org/W3196350923","https://openalex.org/W3200479416","https://openalex.org/W4206111875","https://openalex.org/W4220667677","https://openalex.org/W4220932226","https://openalex.org/W4239001479","https://openalex.org/W4283389547","https://openalex.org/W4289224863","https://openalex.org/W4293298409","https://openalex.org/W4293678577","https://openalex.org/W4293777851","https://openalex.org/W4313424521","https://openalex.org/W4324303556","https://openalex.org/W4385256306","https://openalex.org/W4392056913","https://openalex.org/W4404187166","https://openalex.org/W4406045481","https://openalex.org/W4406407872"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Acute":[1],"kidney":[2,20],"injury":[3],"(AKI),":[4],"a":[5,91,134,188,255],"critical":[6],"complication":[7],"of":[8,18,52,131,168,231],"childhood":[9],"idiopathic":[10],"nephrotic":[11],"syndrome":[12],"(INS),":[13],"markedly":[14],"increases":[15],"the":[16,65,107,110,115,129,150,162,180,214,229],"risk":[17,193,267],"chronic":[19],"disease":[21],"(CKD)":[22],"and":[23,45,55,67,84,95,120,133,171,210,221,258,273],"mortality.":[24],"This":[25,234],"study":[26,235],"developed":[27,139,156],"an":[28,166,237],"interpretable":[29,238],"machine":[30],"learning":[31],"(ML)":[32],"model":[33,94,137,160,240],"for":[34,97,191,241,261],"early":[35,242],"AKI":[36,215,243,263,271],"prediction":[37,244],"in":[38,64,144,245],"pediatric":[39,58,246],"INS":[40,61],"to":[41,140,199,203,269],"enable":[42],"proactive":[43],"interventions":[44],"mitigate":[46,274],"adverse":[47],"outcomes.":[48],"METHODS:":[49],"A":[50],"total":[51],"3,390":[53,151],"patients":[54,59,145,152,248],"356":[56],"hospitalized":[57],"with":[60,146,153,228,249],"were":[62,88,225],"included":[63,197],"derivation":[66],"external":[68],"cohorts,":[69],"respectively,":[70],"from":[71],"four":[72],"hospitals":[73],"across":[74],"China.":[75],"Logistic":[76],"regression,":[77],"Random":[78,135],"Forest,":[79],"K-nearest":[80],"neighbors,":[81],"Na\u00efve":[82],"Bayes,":[83],"Support":[85],"Vector":[86],"machines":[87],"integrated":[89],"into":[90],"stacking":[92,159],"ensemble":[93],"optimized":[96],"class":[98],"imbalance":[99],"using":[100,106],"SMOTE-Tomek.":[101],"Model":[102],"performance":[103],"was":[104,138,184],"assessed":[105],"area":[108,113],"under":[109,114],"curve":[111],"(AUC),":[112],"precision-recall":[116],"curve,":[117],"sensitivity,":[118],"specificity,":[119],"balanced":[121],"accuracy.":[122],"SHapley":[123],"Additive":[124],"Explanations":[125],"(SHAP)":[126],"analysis":[127],"elucidated":[128],"importance":[130],"features,":[132],"Forest":[136],"predict":[141],"CKD":[142,275],"progression":[143],"AKI.":[147,157],"RESULTS:":[148],"Of":[149],"INS,":[154,250],"12.9%":[155],"The":[158],"outperformed":[161],"individual":[163],"algorithms,":[164],"achieving":[165],"AUC":[167],"0.888":[169],"internally":[170],"0.822":[172],"externally,":[173],"which":[174,251],"could":[175,252],"be":[176],"well":[177],"explained":[178],"by":[179,264],"SHAP":[181],"algorithm.":[182],"It":[183],"then":[185],"deployed":[186],"as":[187,254],"web-based":[189],"calculator":[190],"real-time":[192],"assessment.":[194],"Key":[195],"predictors":[196],"exposure":[198,202],"nephrotoxic":[200],"antibiotics,":[201],"cyclophosphamide,":[204],"respiratory":[205],"tract":[206],"infection,":[207],"urine":[208],"pH,":[209],"admission":[211],"times.":[212],"In":[213],"cohort,":[216],"alanine":[217],"transaminase,":[218,220],"aspartate":[219],"serum":[222],"phosphate":[223],"levels":[224],"primarily":[226],"associated":[227],"development":[230],"CKD.":[232],"CONCLUSIONS:":[233],"presents":[236],"ML":[239],"Chinese":[247],"serve":[253],"practical,":[256],"efficient,":[257],"economical":[259],"tool":[260],"preventing":[262],"identifying":[265],"modifiable":[266],"factors":[268],"reduce":[270],"incidence":[272],"progression.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T06:14:10.401900","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}