{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414610364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","title":"Machine learning in the prediction of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review","display_name":"Machine learning in the prediction of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414610364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41024051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112490324","display_name":"Yueying Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueying Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047295889","display_name":"Zhiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075198678","display_name":"Zheng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045672322","display_name":"Bin L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099446","display_name":"Huadong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/012wm7481","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146205","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhdtb47","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146205"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. binlu@fudan.edu.cn","Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. binlu@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446","https://openalex.org/I4210146205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101756023","display_name":"Yanming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. heyanming@shutcm.edu.cn","Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. heyanming@shutcm.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045672322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446","https://openalex.org/I4210146205"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":2.1766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89014135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"344","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.40290001034736633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7541000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41024051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41024051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d35567d3121442b294f01c9e17fd8e88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d35567d3121442b294f01c9e17fd8e88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11292755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12481961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12481961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12481961/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219543334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82370831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321851","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414610364.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113384757","https://openalex.org/W2128708195","https://openalex.org/W2157110135","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2296761362","https://openalex.org/W2612292012","https://openalex.org/W2743505738","https://openalex.org/W2762658547","https://openalex.org/W2770266728","https://openalex.org/W2907638671","https://openalex.org/W2947236084","https://openalex.org/W3014921497","https://openalex.org/W3019559933","https://openalex.org/W3039566119","https://openalex.org/W3093671858","https://openalex.org/W3097553873","https://openalex.org/W3121817682","https://openalex.org/W3149054887","https://openalex.org/W3159664745","https://openalex.org/W3159875333","https://openalex.org/W3164357550","https://openalex.org/W3173214468","https://openalex.org/W3190344298","https://openalex.org/W3199825644","https://openalex.org/W3200707343","https://openalex.org/W3203954604","https://openalex.org/W3207944648","https://openalex.org/W3210399345","https://openalex.org/W4200238589","https://openalex.org/W4207051106","https://openalex.org/W4220675698","https://openalex.org/W4238538758","https://openalex.org/W4282842576","https://openalex.org/W4286268364","https://openalex.org/W4287434575","https://openalex.org/W4290729105","https://openalex.org/W4322492733","https://openalex.org/W4323032937","https://openalex.org/W4378746753","https://openalex.org/W4378840260","https://openalex.org/W4382489109","https://openalex.org/W4385503424","https://openalex.org/W4386242134","https://openalex.org/W4387871333","https://openalex.org/W4390612903","https://openalex.org/W4390676605","https://openalex.org/W4391100756","https://openalex.org/W4392147501","https://openalex.org/W4399755575","https://openalex.org/W4400642293","https://openalex.org/W4402921045","https://openalex.org/W4403083159","https://openalex.org/W4405063007","https://openalex.org/W4411305986"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"systematic":[1],"review":[2],"provides":[3],"an":[4],"overview":[5],"of":[6,25,72,83,87,92,152,163,171,212,237],"machine":[7],"learning":[8],"(ML)":[9],"methods":[10,133],"for":[11,63,271],"predicting":[12],"diabetic":[13],"peripheral":[14],"neuropathy":[15],"(DPN).":[16],"We":[17],"searched":[18],"PubMed,":[19],"Embase,":[20],"Cochrane":[21],"Library,":[22],"and":[23,52,85,97,127,195,245,260,268],"Web":[24],"Science":[26],"databases":[27],"with":[28,106,139,181],"the":[29,81,142,179,182,230,234,240],"search":[30,42,45],"period":[31],"limited":[32],"from":[33,110,146],"their":[34,246],"inception":[35],"to":[36,49,79,112,148,262,265],"December":[37],"3,":[38],"2024":[39],"(the":[40],"last":[41],"date).":[43],"The":[44],"terms":[46],"were":[47,67,95,100,103,136,176],"restricted":[48],"\u201cdiabetes,\u201d":[50],"\u201cneuropathy,\u201d":[51],"\u201cmachine":[53],"learning.\u201d":[54],"All":[55,115,206],"studies":[56,94,117,123,154,207,242],"that":[57,233],"developed":[58],"or":[59],"validated":[60],"prognostic":[61],"models":[62,216,223],"DPN":[64,221],"using":[65],"ML":[66,174],"considered.":[68],"Prediction":[69],"model":[70],"Risk":[71],"Bias":[73],"ASsessment":[74],"Tool":[75],"(PROBAST)":[76],"was":[77,198],"used":[78],"assess":[80],"risk":[82,211,236],"bias":[84,238,267],"applicability":[86,247,270],"included":[88,241],"studies.":[89],"A":[90,150,169],"total":[91,151,170],"888":[93],"retrieved":[96],"15":[98,116],"articles":[99],"included.":[101],"Most":[102],"retrospective":[104],"studies,":[105,180,202],"sample":[107],"sizes":[108],"ranging":[109,145],"90":[111],"102,876":[113],"patients.":[114],"utilised":[118,177],"internal":[119,126],"validation":[120,129,132],"methods,":[121],"three":[122],"employed":[124],"both":[125],"external":[128,258],"methods.":[130],"Internal":[131],"like":[134],"cross-validation":[135],"widely":[137],"used,":[138],"area":[140],"under":[141],"curve":[143],"(AUC)":[144],"0.640":[147],"0.900.":[149],"six":[153],"reported":[155,199],"complete":[156],"AUC":[157,162],"values":[158],"yielding":[159],"a":[160,209],"pooled":[161],"0.773":[164],"(CI:":[165],"0.707\u20130.839,":[166],"I\u00b2=":[167],"99.14).":[168],"34":[172],"different":[173],"algorithms":[175],"across":[178],"top":[183],"five":[184],"being":[185],"logistic":[186],"regression,":[187],"random":[188],"forest,":[189],"support":[190],"vector":[191],"machine,":[192],"decision":[193],"tree,":[194],"XGBoost.":[196],"Calibration":[197],"in":[200,227,239],"6":[201],"showing":[203],"satisfactory":[204],"performance.":[205],"had":[208],"high":[210],"bias,":[213],"but":[214],"most":[215],"demonstrated":[217],"good":[218,225],"applicability.":[219],"Existing":[220],"prediction":[222],"demonstrate":[224],"performance":[226],"discrimination.":[228],"However,":[229],"evaluation":[231],"indicates":[232],"overall":[235],"is":[243,248],"high,":[244],"limited.":[249],"Future":[250],"efforts":[251],"should":[252],"prioritize":[253],"prospective,":[254],"large,":[255],"multicentre":[256],"datasets,":[257],"validation,":[259],"adherence":[261],"PROBAST":[263],"guidelines":[264],"reduce":[266],"enhance":[269],"clinical":[272],"application.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}