{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414610364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","title":"Machine learning in the prediction of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review","display_name":"Machine learning in the prediction of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414610364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41024051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112490324","display_name":"Yueying Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueying Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047295889","display_name":"Zhiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075198678","display_name":"Zheng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045672322","display_name":"Bin L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099446","display_name":"Huadong Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/012wm7481","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146205","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhdtb47","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146205"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. binlu@fudan.edu.cn","Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. binlu@fudan.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446","https://openalex.org/I4210146205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101756023","display_name":"Yanming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133418","display_name":"Yueyang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yd12021","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. heyanming@shutcm.edu.cn","Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. heyanming@shutcm.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133418","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045672322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099446","https://openalex.org/I4210146205"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":0.6374,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63887916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"344","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.40290001034736633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7541000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098404","descriptor_name":"Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098404","descriptor_name":"Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41024051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41024051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d35567d3121442b294f01c9e17fd8e88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d35567d3121442b294f01c9e17fd8e88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11292755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12481961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12481961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12481961/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03201-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219543334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82370831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321851","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414610364.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113384757","https://openalex.org/W2128708195","https://openalex.org/W2157110135","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2296761362","https://openalex.org/W2612292012","https://openalex.org/W2743505738","https://openalex.org/W2762658547","https://openalex.org/W2770266728","https://openalex.org/W2907638671","https://openalex.org/W2947236084","https://openalex.org/W3014921497","https://openalex.org/W3019559933","https://openalex.org/W3039566119","https://openalex.org/W3093671858","https://openalex.org/W3097553873","https://openalex.org/W3121817682","https://openalex.org/W3149054887","https://openalex.org/W3159664745","https://openalex.org/W3159875333","https://openalex.org/W3164357550","https://openalex.org/W3173214468","https://openalex.org/W3190344298","https://openalex.org/W3199825644","https://openalex.org/W3200707343","https://openalex.org/W3203954604","https://openalex.org/W3207944648","https://openalex.org/W3210399345","https://openalex.org/W4200238589","https://openalex.org/W4207051106","https://openalex.org/W4220675698","https://openalex.org/W4238538758","https://openalex.org/W4282842576","https://openalex.org/W4286268364","https://openalex.org/W4287434575","https://openalex.org/W4290729105","https://openalex.org/W4322492733","https://openalex.org/W4323032937","https://openalex.org/W4378746753","https://openalex.org/W4378840260","https://openalex.org/W4382489109","https://openalex.org/W4385503424","https://openalex.org/W4386242134","https://openalex.org/W4387871333","https://openalex.org/W4390612903","https://openalex.org/W4390676605","https://openalex.org/W4391100756","https://openalex.org/W4392147501","https://openalex.org/W4399755575","https://openalex.org/W4400642293","https://openalex.org/W4402921045","https://openalex.org/W4403083159","https://openalex.org/W4405063007","https://openalex.org/W4411305986"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"systematic":[2],"review":[3],"provides":[4],"an":[5],"overview":[6],"of":[7,27,74,85,89,95,155,166,174,215,241],"machine":[8],"learning":[9],"(ML)":[10],"methods":[11,136],"for":[12,65,275],"predicting":[13],"diabetic":[14],"peripheral":[15],"neuropathy":[16],"(DPN).":[17],"METHOD:":[18],"We":[19],"searched":[20],"PubMed,":[21],"Embase,":[22],"Cochrane":[23],"Library,":[24],"and":[25,54,87,100,130,198,249,264,272],"Web":[26],"Science":[28],"databases":[29],"with":[30,109,142,184],"the":[31,83,145,182,185,234,238,244],"search":[32,44,47],"period":[33],"limited":[34],"from":[35,113,149],"their":[36,250],"inception":[37],"to":[38,51,81,115,151,266,269],"December":[39],"3,":[40],"2024":[41],"(the":[42],"last":[43],"date).":[45],"The":[46],"terms":[48],"were":[49,69,98,103,106,139,179],"restricted":[50],"\u201cdiabetes,\u201d":[52],"\u201cneuropathy,\u201d":[53],"\u201cmachine":[55],"learning.\u201d":[56],"All":[57,118,209],"studies":[58,97,120,126,157,210,246],"that":[59,237],"developed":[60],"or":[61],"validated":[62],"prognostic":[63],"models":[64,219,227],"DPN":[66,225],"using":[67],"ML":[68,177],"considered.":[70],"Prediction":[71],"model":[72],"Risk":[73],"Bias":[75],"ASsessment":[76],"Tool":[77],"(PROBAST)":[78],"was":[79,201],"used":[80],"assess":[82],"risk":[84,214,240],"bias":[86,242,271],"applicability":[88,251,274],"included":[90,245],"studies.":[91],"RESULTS:":[92],"A":[93,153,172],"total":[94,154,173],"888":[96],"retrieved":[99],"15":[101,119],"articles":[102],"included.":[104],"Most":[105],"retrospective":[107],"studies,":[108,183,205],"sample":[110],"sizes":[111],"ranging":[112,148],"90":[114],"102,876":[116],"patients.":[117],"utilised":[121,180],"internal":[122,129],"validation":[123,132,135],"methods,":[124],"three":[125],"employed":[127],"both":[128],"external":[131,262],"methods.":[133],"Internal":[134],"like":[137],"cross-validation":[138],"widely":[140],"used,":[141],"area":[143],"under":[144],"curve":[146],"(AUC)":[147],"0.640":[150],"0.900.":[152],"six":[156],"reported":[158,202],"complete":[159],"AUC":[160,165],"values":[161],"yielding":[162],"a":[163,212],"pooled":[164],"0.773":[167],"(CI:":[168],"0.707\u20130.839,":[169],"I\u00b2=":[170],"99.14).":[171],"34":[175],"different":[176],"algorithms":[178],"across":[181],"top":[186],"five":[187],"being":[188],"logistic":[189],"regression,":[190],"random":[191],"forest,":[192],"support":[193],"vector":[194],"machine,":[195],"decision":[196],"tree,":[197],"XGBoost.":[199],"Calibration":[200],"in":[203,231,243],"6":[204],"showing":[206],"satisfactory":[207],"performance.":[208],"had":[211],"high":[213],"bias,":[216],"but":[217],"most":[218],"demonstrated":[220],"good":[221,229],"applicability.":[222],"CONCLUSION:":[223],"Existing":[224],"prediction":[226],"demonstrate":[228],"performance":[230],"discrimination.":[232],"However,":[233],"evaluation":[235],"indicates":[236],"overall":[239],"is":[247,252],"high,":[248],"limited.":[253],"Future":[254],"efforts":[255],"should":[256],"prioritize":[257],"prospective,":[258],"large,":[259],"multicentre":[260],"datasets,":[261],"validation,":[263],"adherence":[265],"PROBAST":[267],"guidelines":[268],"reduce":[270],"enhance":[273],"clinical":[276],"application.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}