{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413763533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","title":"A heart failure classification model from radial artery pulse wave using LSTM neural networks","display_name":"A heart failure classification model from radial artery pulse wave using LSTM neural networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413763533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40866986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107900289","display_name":"Yi Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111282136","display_name":"Wen-Yue Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149132","display_name":"Shuguang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03n35e656","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Yue Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132","https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103755506","display_name":"Haimei Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089783","display_name":"Shanghai Medical Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007wz9933","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089783"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145805","display_name":"Community Health Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05ewbqm54","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145805"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Mei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Lingyun Sub-District Health Service Center, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Lingyun Sub-District Health Service Center, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145805","https://openalex.org/I4210089783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003229206","display_name":"Jing Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-1173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662109","display_name":"Yiqin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-7495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004959591","display_name":"Haixia Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-3292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Xia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. hjy2012ok@163.com","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. hjy2012ok@163.com","School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. hjy2012ok@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. hjy2012ok@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101605362","display_name":"Jin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. xujin3264@hotmail.com","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. xujin3264@hotmail.com","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. xujin3264@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China. xujin3264@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":6.153,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96931802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"318","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-artery","display_name":"Radial artery","score":0.6978715658187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.6301074028015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5498735904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.49976634979248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4860982894897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"Heart failure","score":0.44725659489631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39706411957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3910461664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3485388159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.34309065341949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32942986488342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artery","display_name":"Artery","score":0.32525113224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14832311868667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.10981449484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08532506227493286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q662857","display_name":"Radial artery","level":3,"score":0.6978715658187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.6301074028015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5498735904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.49976634979248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4860982894897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.44725659489631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39706411957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3910461664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3485388159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.34309065341949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32942986488342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776820930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9655","display_name":"Artery","level":2,"score":0.32525113224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14832311868667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.10981449484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08532506227493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017534","descriptor_name":"Radial Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017534","descriptor_name":"Radial Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40866986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40866986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3d15ca0e1f249ad86fd8e30d43c15c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3d15ca0e1f249ad86fd8e30d43c15c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11190459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12382015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-03167-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388056506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21DZ2271000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4483461625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81673880","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326704","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413763533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413763533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2090983316","https://openalex.org/W2103458804","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2946751363","https://openalex.org/W2972004025","https://openalex.org/W3003995118","https://openalex.org/W3009207988","https://openalex.org/W3033223178","https://openalex.org/W3087084215","https://openalex.org/W3094293909","https://openalex.org/W3163827142","https://openalex.org/W3215088586","https://openalex.org/W3215295091","https://openalex.org/W3216962276","https://openalex.org/W4205762214","https://openalex.org/W4206831265","https://openalex.org/W4210983514","https://openalex.org/W4226518837","https://openalex.org/W4243843054","https://openalex.org/W4285606919","https://openalex.org/W4286638063","https://openalex.org/W4292450757","https://openalex.org/W4312115139","https://openalex.org/W4360808621","https://openalex.org/W4384924330","https://openalex.org/W4385624313","https://openalex.org/W4387639149","https://openalex.org/W4388407558","https://openalex.org/W4388627196","https://openalex.org/W4390544691","https://openalex.org/W4391169031","https://openalex.org/W4391718062","https://openalex.org/W4392431915","https://openalex.org/W4394767715","https://openalex.org/W4399918382","https://openalex.org/W4400976012","https://openalex.org/W4400979134","https://openalex.org/W4402581916","https://openalex.org/W4404227316","https://openalex.org/W4404227851","https://openalex.org/W4404512494","https://openalex.org/W4404797146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083830068","https://openalex.org/W1985718209","https://openalex.org/W2023899560","https://openalex.org/W2766602978","https://openalex.org/W1977488410","https://openalex.org/W4293860303","https://openalex.org/W2373961902","https://openalex.org/W4254541230","https://openalex.org/W2413058159","https://openalex.org/W2061938022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Heart":[1],"failure":[2],"(HF)":[3],"represents":[4,215],"a":[5,110,125,150,216,226],"pressing":[6],"global":[7,180],"health":[8],"issue":[9],"demanding":[10],"innovative":[11],"and":[12,20,47,61,86,96,116,123,141,183,210,219,235,241,251],"accessible":[13],"approaches":[14],"for":[15,30,98],"early":[16,233],"detection.":[17],"Non-invasive,":[18],"rapid,":[19],"cost-effective":[21,220],"techniques":[22],"utilizing":[23],"deep":[24,65],"learning":[25,66],"(DL)":[26],"hold":[27],"significant":[28,223],"promise":[29],"addressing":[31],"this":[32,164,255],"challenge.":[33],"METHODS:":[34],"This":[35,213],"study":[36],"included":[37],"462":[38],"participants":[39],"categorized":[40],"into":[41],"healthy,":[42,208],"coronary":[43],"artery":[44,52,201],"disease":[45],"(CAD),":[46],"HF":[48,211],"groups.":[49],"Raw":[50],"radial":[51,200],"pulse":[53,202],"wave":[54],"data":[55,72],"underwent":[56],"preprocessing,":[57],"including":[58,149],"denoising,":[59],"normalization,":[60],"SMOTE-based":[62],"balancing.":[63],"Four":[64],"algorithms":[67],"adept":[68],"at":[69],"handling":[70],"sequential":[71],"-":[73,92],"Long":[74,88],"Short-Term":[75,89],"Memory":[76,90],"(LSTM),":[77],"Convolutional":[78],"Neural":[79],"Network":[80],"(CNN),":[81],"Gated":[82],"Recurrent":[83],"Unit":[84],"(GRU),":[85],"Bidirectional":[87],"(Bi-LSTM)":[91],"were":[93],"subsequently":[94],"applied":[95],"evaluated":[97],"their":[99],"classification":[100],"performance.":[101],"A":[102],"10-fold":[103,126],"cross-validation":[104,127],"strategy":[105,228],"was":[106,128,176],"employed":[107],"to":[108,178,229,247],"ensure":[109],"robust":[111],"evaluation":[112],"of":[113,237,254],"model":[114,132,162,168,198],"performance":[115,122,144],"stability.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"To":[119,166],"robustly":[120],"evaluate":[121],"stability,":[124],"performed.":[129],"The":[130],"LSTM":[131,187],"yielded":[133],"the":[134,154,159,170,185,232,249],"highest":[135],"mean":[136],"accuracy":[137],"(0.8595":[138],"\u00b1":[139],"0.0522)":[140],"demonstrated":[142],"strong":[143],"across":[145],"other":[146],"key":[147],"metrics,":[148],"high":[151],"Area":[152],"Under":[153],"Curve,":[155],"establishing":[156],"it":[157],"as":[158,225],"most":[160],"effective":[161],"in":[163,231],"study.":[165],"enhance":[167],"interpretability,":[169],"SHAP":[171],"(SHapley":[172],"Additive":[173],"exPlanations)":[174],"framework":[175],"utilized":[177],"determine":[179],"feature":[181],"importance":[182],"explain":[184],"final":[186],"model's":[188],"predictions.":[189],"CONCLUSION:":[190],"Our":[191],"findings":[192],"strongly":[193],"suggest":[194],"that":[195],"an":[196],"LSTM-based":[197],"analyzing":[199],"waves":[203],"can":[204],"effectively":[205],"differentiate":[206],"between":[207],"CAD,":[209],"states.":[212],"approach":[214],"simple,":[217],"non-invasive,":[218],"methodology":[221],"with":[222],"potential":[224],"valuable":[227],"aid":[230],"screening":[234],"detection":[236],"HF.":[238],"Further":[239],"investigation":[240],"broader":[242],"clinical":[243],"validation":[244],"are":[245],"warranted":[246],"confirm":[248],"robustness":[250],"real-world":[252],"applicability":[253],"promising":[256],"tool.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
