{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408827573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","title":"Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) readiness predictions using machine learning: a comparative study of algorithms","display_name":"Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) readiness predictions using machine learning: a comparative study of algorithms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408827573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40133849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080498830","display_name":"Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-7041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-7041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039174632","display_name":"Maryam Soleimani Movahed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-8182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Soleimani Movahed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-8182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042921900","display_name":"Azar Ejmalian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azar Ejmalian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116791108","display_name":"Maryam Sarkhosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2098-4675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Sarkhosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryamsarkhosh1999@gmail.com","Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2098-4675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryamsarkhosh1999@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063106783","display_name":"Ali Behmanesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-2283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Behmanesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. aa.behmanesh@gmail.com","Education Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. aa.behmanesh@gmail.com","Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-2283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. aa.behmanesh@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. aa.behmanesh@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063106783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":2.977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91179185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"146","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.3644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.3644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.28999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacu","display_name":"Pacu","score":0.9108724594116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.7156004309654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5651079416275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5013148784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-anesthesia-care-unit","display_name":"Post-anesthesia care unit","score":0.4892995059490204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40525704622268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3940238058567047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3821450471878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3421564996242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.2527473568916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.23058629035949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16204047203063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.14556920528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.11911830306053162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777395641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14517578","display_name":"Pacu","level":2,"score":0.9108724594116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.7156004309654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5651079416275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5013148784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778151025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760111","display_name":"Post-anesthesia care unit","level":3,"score":0.4892995059490204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40525704622268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3940238058567047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3821450471878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3421564996242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2527473568916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.23058629035949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16204047203063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.14556920528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.11911830306053162}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000762","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia Recovery Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000762","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia Recovery Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000768","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, General","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000768","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, General","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011997","descriptor_name":"Recovery Room","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011997","descriptor_name":"Recovery Room","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011997","descriptor_name":"Recovery Room","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011997","descriptor_name":"Recovery Room","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40133849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40133849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:032a4ccdac854ebdb33e474848f05bac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/032a4ccdac854ebdb33e474848f05bac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10748611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11934757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02982-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408827573.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1869362176","https://openalex.org/W1966255543","https://openalex.org/W1979179312","https://openalex.org/W2031237894","https://openalex.org/W2056346862","https://openalex.org/W2080327309","https://openalex.org/W2108527199","https://openalex.org/W2578767461","https://openalex.org/W2792251567","https://openalex.org/W2800126236","https://openalex.org/W2940160892","https://openalex.org/W3147913318","https://openalex.org/W3162770738","https://openalex.org/W3168832574","https://openalex.org/W4230856128","https://openalex.org/W4289940479","https://openalex.org/W4383709974","https://openalex.org/W4389443273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966666595","https://openalex.org/W2166223338","https://openalex.org/W4230138936","https://openalex.org/W2152064442","https://openalex.org/W1963799137","https://openalex.org/W2321822232","https://openalex.org/W4200197782","https://openalex.org/W3215106125","https://openalex.org/W2158715875","https://openalex.org/W4254496781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Accurate":[1],"and":[2,17,85,111,168,198,207,214,250,260,268,291,339,360,388],"timely":[3],"discharge":[4,23,58,78,163,369,381],"from":[5,101,130,140,348],"the":[6,86,154,238,279,334,389],"Post-Anesthesia":[7],"Care":[8],"Unit":[9],"(PACU)":[10],"is":[11],"essential":[12],"to":[13,26,55,76,104,320,333,350,385,402,416,425],"prevent":[14],"postoperative":[15],"complications":[16],"optimize":[18],"hospital":[19,39,430],"resource":[20],"utilization.":[21],"Premature":[22],"can":[24,37],"lead":[25],"severe":[27],"issues":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30,376,383],"respiratory":[31],"or":[32,67,174,429],"cardiovascular":[33],"complications,":[34],"while":[35],"delays":[36],"strain":[38],"capacity.":[40],"Machine":[41],"learning":[42],"algorithms":[43],"offer":[44],"a":[45,92,121,144],"promising":[46],"solution":[47],"by":[48],"leveraging":[49],"large":[50],"amounts":[51],"of":[52,95,245,252,263,270,286,293,356,422],"patient":[53,427],"data":[54],"predict":[56,77],"optimal":[57],"times.":[59],"Unlike":[60],"prior":[61],"studies":[62],"relying":[63],"on":[64,395],"statistical":[65,118],"models":[66,75,325,365,410],"single-algorithm":[68],"methods,":[69],"this":[70],"research":[71],"assesses":[72],"multiple":[73,224],"ML":[74],"readiness,":[79,382],"comparing":[80],"them":[81],"against":[82,212],"staff":[83,213,258,299,386],"evaluations":[84],"Aldrete":[87,112,215,276,335,390],"checklist.":[88,391],"METHODOLOGY:":[89],"We":[90],"conducted":[91],"cross-sectional":[93],"study":[94,393],"830":[96],"patients":[97],"under":[98],"general":[99],"anesthesia":[100],"December":[102],"2023":[103],"April":[105],"2024,":[106],"collecting":[107],"demographics,":[108],"surgical":[109],"details,":[110],"scores.":[113,277],"A":[114],"power":[115],"analysis":[116],"ensured":[117],"robustness,":[119],"targeting":[120],"5%":[122],"accuracy":[123,251,269,292,313],"improvement":[124],"(minimum":[125],"clinically":[126],"important":[127],"difference,":[128],"derived":[129],"Gabriel":[131],"et":[132],"al.,":[133],"2017),":[134],"with":[135,217,301,345],"variance":[136],"(SD":[137],"\u2248":[138],"0.1)":[139],"pilot":[141],"data,":[142],"using":[143],"two-sample":[145],"t-test":[146],"(power":[147],"=":[148,151,308,314],"0.8,":[149],"alpha":[150],"0.05),":[152],"confirming":[153],"sample":[155],"size's":[156],"adequacy.":[157],"Two":[158],"prediction":[159,235],"approaches":[160],"were":[161,210,326,411],"tested:":[162],"timing":[164,370],"in":[165,233,366],"15-minute":[166],"intervals":[167,220],"binary":[169],"classification":[170],"(within":[171],"15":[172],"min":[173],"later).":[175],"Models":[176],"included":[177],"Random":[178,357],"Forest":[179,358],"(RF),":[180],"Support":[181],"Vector":[182],"Machines":[183],"(SVM),":[184],"Logistic":[185],"Regression":[186],"(LR),":[187],"Decision":[188],"Tree":[189],"(DT),":[190],"K-Nearest":[191],"Neighbors":[192],"(KNN),":[193],"Artificial":[194,361],"Neural":[195,362],"Network":[196,363],"(ANN),":[197],"XGBoost,":[199],"assessed":[200],"via":[201],"accuracy,":[202],"precision,":[203],"recall,":[204],"F1":[205],"score,":[206],"AUC.":[208],"Predictions":[209],"benchmarked":[211],"scores,":[216],"99.5%":[218,310,316],"confidence":[219,418],"(CIs)":[221],"adjusting":[222],"for":[223,379],"comparisons.":[225],"RESULTS:":[226],"he":[227],"RF":[228,241,282],"algorithm":[229],"showed":[230],"high":[231],"performance":[232,355],"both":[234],"approaches.":[236],"In":[237,278],"first":[239],"approach,":[240,281],"achieved":[242],"an":[243,261,284],"AUC":[244,262,285],"0.75":[246],"(99.5%":[247,254,265,272,288,295],"CI:":[248,255,266,273,289,296,311,317],"0.70-0.80)":[249],"0.87":[253,264],"0.83-0.91)":[256,267],"per":[257,275,298],"evaluations,":[259,300],"0.71":[271],"0.66-0.76)":[274],"second":[280],"recorded":[283],"0.85":[287],"0.81-0.89)":[290],"0.86":[294],"0.82-0.90)":[297],"ANN":[302,340],"also":[303],"showing":[304,399],"strong":[305,354],"results":[306],"(AUC":[307],"0.88,":[309],"0.84-0.92;":[312],"0.78,":[315],"0.74-0.82).":[318],"Due":[319],"overlapping":[321,417],"CIs,":[322],"differences":[323,407],"between":[324,408],"not":[327,412],"statistically":[328,413],"significant":[329,414],"(P":[330],">.005).":[331],"According":[332],"checklist,":[336],"RF,":[337],"SVM,":[338],"exhibited":[341],"competitive":[342],"predictive":[343],"capability,":[344],"AUCs":[346],"ranging":[347],"0.80":[349],"0.86.":[351],"CONCLUSION:":[352],"The":[353],"(RF)":[359],"(ANN)":[364],"predicting":[367],"PACU":[368],"upon":[371],"admission":[372],"highlights":[373],"their":[374,400],"potential":[375],"effective":[377],"tools":[378],"evaluating":[380],"compared":[384],"assessments":[387],"This":[392],"focused":[394],"assessing":[396],"these":[397,423],"models,":[398],"ability":[401],"produce":[403],"consistent":[404],"predictions,":[405],"though":[406],"top":[409],"due":[415],"intervals.":[419],"Practical":[420],"application":[421],"findings":[424],"improve":[426],"outcomes":[428],"efficiency":[431],"requires":[432],"further":[433],"investigation.":[434]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
