{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409002188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","title":"Leveraging large language models to mimic domain expert labeling in unstructured text-based electronic healthcare records in non-english languages","display_name":"Leveraging large language models to mimic domain expert labeling in unstructured text-based electronic healthcare records in non-english languages","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409002188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40165165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042582274","display_name":"Izzet Turkalp Akbasli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Izzet Turkalp Akbasli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. iakbasli@hacettepe.edu.tr","Life Support Center, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence on Critical Care, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. iakbasli@hacettepe.edu.tr","Life Support Center, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence on Critical Care, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-7355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. iakbasli@hacettepe.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life Support Center, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence on Critical Care, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. iakbasli@hacettepe.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life Support Center, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence on Critical Care, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078720345","display_name":"Ahmet Ziya B\u0131rb\u0131len","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Ziya Birbilen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ahmet.birbilen@hacettepe.edu.tr","Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-3993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ahmet.birbilen@hacettepe.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033032594","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tek\u015fam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozlem Teksam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-0500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042582274","https://openalex.org/A5078720345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":17.8705,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99082273,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"154","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.44600000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.44600000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3310000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.06509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.758447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6264984607696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5628155469894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5327306985855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5306186676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.51936274766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstructured-data","display_name":"Unstructured data","score":0.5034794211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48495009541511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4823179244995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.4580288529396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.44453275203704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.4369960129261017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42166879773139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.41333240270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4027208089828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.31510746479034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.26187747716903687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6264984607696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5628155469894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5327306985855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5306186676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.51936274766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781252014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141900","display_name":"Unstructured data","level":3,"score":0.5034794211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48495009541511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4823179244995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.4580288529396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.44453275203704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.4369960129261017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42166879773139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.41333240270614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4027208089828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.31510746479034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26187747716903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014421","descriptor_name":"Turkey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014421","descriptor_name":"Turkey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014421","descriptor_name":"Turkey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40165165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40165165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10773512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11959812","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11959812/pdf/12911_2025_Article_2871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad87ab54facf417ca47ff1bb9de5a255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad87ab54facf417ca47ff1bb9de5a255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-025-02871-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409002188.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W333927187","https://openalex.org/W1018047830","https://openalex.org/W1601247733","https://openalex.org/W1997057722","https://openalex.org/W2073539200","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2292361954","https://openalex.org/W2585785990","https://openalex.org/W2608311702","https://openalex.org/W2789510652","https://openalex.org/W2789894922","https://openalex.org/W2808129629","https://openalex.org/W2889272240","https://openalex.org/W2968870211","https://openalex.org/W2984632147","https://openalex.org/W2994401446","https://openalex.org/W2996550193","https://openalex.org/W2997681568","https://openalex.org/W3010611814","https://openalex.org/W3011742849","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W3087776590","https://openalex.org/W3097556140","https://openalex.org/W3134138028","https://openalex.org/W3138676254","https://openalex.org/W3154810486","https://openalex.org/W3157358876","https://openalex.org/W3163469193","https://openalex.org/W3181361218","https://openalex.org/W3214646361","https://openalex.org/W4205428032","https://openalex.org/W4205737716","https://openalex.org/W4221050583","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4309323789","https://openalex.org/W4318765555","https://openalex.org/W4322622443","https://openalex.org/W4367310581","https://openalex.org/W4377695655","https://openalex.org/W4379379356","https://openalex.org/W4381587418","https://openalex.org/W4383346782","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385227045","https://openalex.org/W4385573087","https://openalex.org/W4386172820","https://openalex.org/W4388116325","https://openalex.org/W4389421203","https://openalex.org/W4389519502","https://openalex.org/W4390723974","https://openalex.org/W4391221150","https://openalex.org/W4391376033","https://openalex.org/W4391559941","https://openalex.org/W4400525811","https://openalex.org/W4401027114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W187932805","https://openalex.org/W2909369938","https://openalex.org/W4392490004","https://openalex.org/W1641026212","https://openalex.org/W4402738807","https://openalex.org/W2911982698","https://openalex.org/W2323588885","https://openalex.org/W3047677938","https://openalex.org/W2087134418","https://openalex.org/W4297688969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,115,144,180,202],"integration":[2],"of":[3,16,34,41,58,86,159,233,256],"big":[4],"data":[5,43,116,138,225,247,259],"and":[6,28,36,50,84,124,133,173,242],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"in":[10,91,194],"healthcare,":[11],"particularly":[12],"through":[13,74,177],"the":[14,32,56,82,189,199,215,231,240,250,254],"analysis":[15],"electronic":[17],"health":[18],"records":[19,162],"(EHR),":[20],"presents":[21],"significant":[22],"opportunities":[23],"for":[24,175,260],"improving":[25],"diagnostic":[26],"accuracy":[27,193],"patient":[29,161],"outcomes.":[30],"However,":[31],"challenge":[33],"processing":[35,255],"accurately":[37],"labeling":[38],"vast":[39],"amounts":[40],"unstructured":[42,68,223],"remains":[44],"a":[45,127,184],"critical":[46],"bottleneck,":[47],"necessitating":[48],"efficient":[49],"reliable":[51],"solutions.":[52],"This":[53,236],"study":[54],"investigates":[55],"ability":[57],"domain":[59,234],"specific,":[60],"fine-tuned":[61,181,203],"large":[62],"language":[63],"models":[64,90],"(LLMs)":[65],"to":[66,80,111,214,252],"classify":[67],"EHR":[69,224],"texts":[70],"with":[71,119,136,226,245],"typographical":[72,171],"errors":[73,172],"named":[75],"entity":[76],"recognition":[77],"tasks,":[78],"aiming":[79],"improve":[81],"efficiency":[83],"reliability":[85],"supervised":[87],"learning":[88],"AI":[89,261],"healthcare.":[92],"METHODS:":[93],"Turkish":[94],"clinical":[95],"notes":[96],"from":[97,109],"pediatric":[98,155],"emergency":[99],"room":[100],"admissions":[101],"at":[102],"Hacettepe":[103],"University":[104],"\u0130hsan":[105],"Do\u011framac\u0131":[106],"Children's":[107],"Hospital":[108],"2018":[110],"2023":[112],"were":[113,117,147,168],"analyzed.":[114],"preprocessed":[118],"open":[120],"source":[121],"Python":[122],"libraries":[123],"categorized":[125],"using":[126],"pretrained":[128,190,216],"GPT-3":[129],"model,":[130],"\"text-davinci-003,\"":[131],"before":[132],"after":[134],"fine-tuning":[135],"domain-specific":[137],"on":[139],"respiratory":[140],"tract":[141],"infections":[142],"(RTI).":[143],"model's":[145,191],"predictions":[146],"compared":[148,213],"against":[149],"ground":[150],"truth":[151],"labels":[152],"established":[153],"by":[154],"specialists.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"Out":[158],"24,229":[160],"classified":[163],"as":[164],"poorly":[165],"labeled,":[166],"18,879":[167],"identified":[169],"without":[170],"confirmed":[174],"RTI":[176,196],"filtering":[178],"methods.":[179],"model":[182,204],"achieved":[183],"99.88%":[185],"accuracy,":[186,228],"significantly":[187,238],"outperforming":[188],"78.54%":[192],"identifying":[195],"cases":[197],"among":[198],"remaining":[200],"records.":[201],"demonstrated":[205],"superior":[206],"performance":[207,232],"metrics":[208],"across":[209],"all":[210],"evaluated":[211],"aspects":[212],"model.":[217],"CONCLUSIONS:":[218],"Fine-tuned":[219],"LLMs":[220],"can":[221],"categorize":[222],"high":[227],"closely":[229],"approximating":[230],"experts.":[235],"approach":[237],"reduces":[239],"time":[241],"costs":[243],"associated":[244],"manual":[246],"labeling,":[248],"demonstrating":[249],"potential":[251],"streamline":[253],"large-scale":[257],"healthcare":[258],"applications.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}