{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404866852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","title":"Enhanced interpretable thyroid disease diagnosis by leveraging synthetic oversampling and machine learning models","display_name":"Enhanced interpretable thyroid disease diagnosis by leveraging synthetic oversampling and machine learning models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404866852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085489082","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017863644","display_name":"Fatma Eid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-8746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Eid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074443176","display_name":"Elisabeth Caro Montero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205571821","display_name":"Ibero American University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vss7635","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097234","display_name":"Universidad Internacional","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxp1a86","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128504","display_name":"Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico","ror":"https://ror.org/048tesw25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767878","display_name":"Universidad de la Romana","ror":"https://ror.org/051sm7d31","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767878"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87806610","display_name":"Ibero-American University Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcv0g02","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87806610"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Caro Montero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, 39011, Spain","Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Arecibo, Puerto Rico, 00613, USA","Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, 24560, Mexico","Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Rep\u00fablica Dominicana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, 39011, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Arecibo, Puerto Rico, 00613, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, 24560, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234","https://openalex.org/I87806610","https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Rep\u00fablica Dominicana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008732621","display_name":"Irene Delgado Noya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128504","display_name":"Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico","ror":"https://ror.org/048tesw25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Delgado Noya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundacion Universitaria Internacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia","Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, 39011, Spain","Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bie, Angola"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundacion Universitaria Internacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, 39011, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bie, Angola","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109000224","display_name":"Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4598-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. imranashraf@ynu.ac.kr","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. imranashraf@ynu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109000224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":19.6778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99275497,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"364","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12935","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Public Health","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7056546807289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6934857368469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid","display_name":"Thyroid","score":0.5911247730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-disease","display_name":"Thyroid disease","score":0.5366344451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5283599495887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4733476936817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-disorder","display_name":"Thyroid disorder","score":0.47153741121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.18972349166870117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7056546807289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6934857368469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.5911247730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid disease","level":3,"score":0.5366344451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5283599495887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4733476936817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910396726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid disorder","level":3,"score":0.47153741121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18972349166870117}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013959","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013959","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013959","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013959","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39614307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11606065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11606065","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11606065/pdf/12911_2024_Article_2780.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c012b30a738f45bb95cde40be4f5552f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c012b30a738f45bb95cde40be4f5552f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02780-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404866852.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404866852.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008634245","https://openalex.org/W2086497543","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W3121364493","https://openalex.org/W3166711341","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3203940270","https://openalex.org/W4207003452","https://openalex.org/W4214909912","https://openalex.org/W4220713843","https://openalex.org/W4226338231","https://openalex.org/W4281606641","https://openalex.org/W4281731548","https://openalex.org/W4283818197","https://openalex.org/W4295015290","https://openalex.org/W4297988790","https://openalex.org/W4308052572","https://openalex.org/W4308648934","https://openalex.org/W4315645626","https://openalex.org/W4319783304","https://openalex.org/W4323971926","https://openalex.org/W4360604552","https://openalex.org/W4361987918","https://openalex.org/W4362544883","https://openalex.org/W4366262984","https://openalex.org/W4366992965","https://openalex.org/W4367598319","https://openalex.org/W4367679209","https://openalex.org/W4378575420","https://openalex.org/W4379409082","https://openalex.org/W4379534796","https://openalex.org/W4380048973","https://openalex.org/W4380143013","https://openalex.org/W4381162496","https://openalex.org/W4382728247","https://openalex.org/W4384028491","https://openalex.org/W4385574701","https://openalex.org/W4388115521","https://openalex.org/W4393866995","https://openalex.org/W4394897057","https://openalex.org/W4394985130","https://openalex.org/W4396754444","https://openalex.org/W4396933450","https://openalex.org/W4403841993","https://openalex.org/W4404127725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thyroid":[0,79],"illness":[1,80,157],"encompasses":[2],"a":[3,28,146],"range":[4],"of":[5,77,90,109,176,227,242],"disorders":[6,72,244,251],"affecting":[7],"the":[8,106,134,169,209,223,228,233,240],"thyroid":[9,71,110,114,156,201,243,250],"gland,":[10],"leading":[11,33],"to":[12,34,48,98,154,191,199,221],"either":[13],"hyperthyroidism":[14],"or":[15],"hypothyroidism,":[16],"which":[17],"can":[18,26,46,85],"significantly":[19,86],"impact":[20,87],"metabolism":[21],"and":[22,42,59,64,73,84,121,145,158,185,225,246],"overall":[23],"health.":[24],"Hypothyroidism":[25],"cause":[27],"slowdown":[29],"in":[30,69],"bodily":[31],"processes,":[32],"symptoms":[35,52],"such":[36],"as":[37],"fatigue,":[38],"weight":[39,55],"gain,":[40],"depression,":[41],"cold":[43],"sensitivity.":[44],"Hyperthyroidism":[45],"lead":[47],"increased":[49],"metabolism,":[50],"causing":[51],"like":[53],"rapid":[54],"loss,":[56],"anxiety,":[57],"irritability,":[58],"heart":[60],"palpitations.":[61],"Prompt":[62],"diagnosis":[63,108,202,241],"appropriate":[65],"treatment":[66],"are":[67,196],"crucial":[68],"managing":[70],"improving":[74],"patients'":[75],"quality":[76,89],"life.":[78],"affects":[81],"millions":[82],"worldwide":[83],"their":[88],"life":[91],"if":[92],"left":[93],"untreated.":[94],"This":[95,131],"research":[96,129,238],"aims":[97],"propose":[99],"an":[100],"effective":[101],"artificial":[102],"intelligence-based":[103],"approach":[104,167,171],"for":[105,127,142,189],"early":[107],"illness.":[111],"An":[112],"open-access":[113],"disease":[115],"dataset":[116],"based":[117,215],"on":[118,216],"3,772":[119],"male":[120],"female":[122],"patient":[123],"observations":[124],"is":[125],"used":[126],"this":[128],"experiment.":[130],"study":[132],"uses":[133],"nominal":[135],"continuous":[136],"synthetic":[137],"minority":[138],"oversampling":[139],"technique":[140,153],"(SMOTE-NC)":[141],"data":[143],"balancing":[144],"fine-tuned":[147],"light":[148],"gradient":[149],"booster":[150],"machine":[151,183],"(LGBM)":[152],"diagnose":[155],"handle":[159],"class":[160],"imbalance":[161],"problems.":[162],"The":[163,236],"proposed":[164,229,237],"SNL":[165],"(SMOTE-NC-LGBM)":[166],"outperformed":[168],"state-of-the-art":[170],"with":[172],"high-accuracy":[173],"performance":[174],"scores":[175],"0.96.":[177],"We":[178],"have":[179,207],"also":[180,197],"applied":[181,208],"advanced":[182],"learning":[184,187],"deep":[186],"methods":[188],"comparison":[190],"evaluate":[192],"performance.":[193,203],"Hyperparameter":[194],"optimizations":[195],"conducted":[198],"enhance":[200,222],"In":[204],"addition,":[205],"we":[206],"explainable":[210],"Artificial":[211],"Intelligence":[212],"(XAI)":[213],"mechanism":[214],"Shapley":[217],"Additive":[218],"exPlanations":[219],"(SHAP)":[220],"transparency":[224],"interpretability":[226],"method":[230],"by":[231],"analyzing":[232],"decision-making":[234],"processes.":[235],"revolutionizes":[239],"efficiently":[245],"helps":[247],"specialties":[248],"overcome":[249],"early.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}