{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401338706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","title":"An improved data augmentation approach and its application in medical named entity recognition","display_name":"An improved data augmentation approach and its application in medical named entity recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401338706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39103849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332210","display_name":"Hongyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380662","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002810541","display_name":"Yonghe Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7758-9365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonghe Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China. luyonghe@mail.sysu.edu.cn","School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China. luyonghe@mail.sysu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668497","display_name":"Minghong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6205-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028385356","display_name":"Jinxia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3754-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088873","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0050r1b65","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088873"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099466","display_name":"General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfbva78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099466"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinxia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China. zhjinxia@foxmail.com","Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China. zhjinxia@foxmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088873"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002810541","https://openalex.org/A5028385356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I4210088873","https://openalex.org/I4210099466"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.8882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94121848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"221","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.710843563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6880753636360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.5779841542243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.47057315707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4097193777561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3731568157672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35023972392082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.35011059045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24668875336647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.11462152004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.10914167761802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08999443054199219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.710843563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6880753636360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.5779841542243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.47057315707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4097193777561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3731568157672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35023972392082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.35011059045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24668875336647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.11462152004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.10914167761802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08999443054199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39103849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39103849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11302003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11302003","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11302003/pdf/12911_2024_Article_2624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6c4591213904221bf92d917fde65c3b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6c4591213904221bf92d917fde65c3b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02624-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401338706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401338706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200389886","https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W1847618513","https://openalex.org/W2116093010","https://openalex.org/W2250709962","https://openalex.org/W2398489001","https://openalex.org/W2488131228","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2585105539","https://openalex.org/W2607303097","https://openalex.org/W2610850660","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2623340684","https://openalex.org/W2740887992","https://openalex.org/W2742152888","https://openalex.org/W2755604076","https://openalex.org/W2781528640","https://openalex.org/W2787045460","https://openalex.org/W2794778778","https://openalex.org/W2796831711","https://openalex.org/W2807800730","https://openalex.org/W2884705011","https://openalex.org/W2889607075","https://openalex.org/W2890459330","https://openalex.org/W2892181857","https://openalex.org/W2900065283","https://openalex.org/W2911565797","https://openalex.org/W2960086270","https://openalex.org/W2962904552","https://openalex.org/W2963338481","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2974511542","https://openalex.org/W3007060302","https://openalex.org/W3022839720","https://openalex.org/W3079406089","https://openalex.org/W3089628516","https://openalex.org/W3098341425","https://openalex.org/W3101118213","https://openalex.org/W3103473439","https://openalex.org/W3140899690","https://openalex.org/W3156338075","https://openalex.org/W3174828871","https://openalex.org/W3176923149","https://openalex.org/W3205512158","https://openalex.org/W3213591530","https://openalex.org/W4231475713","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4289783165","https://openalex.org/W4293778726","https://openalex.org/W4296777868","https://openalex.org/W4300626901","https://openalex.org/W4307122251","https://openalex.org/W4307651724","https://openalex.org/W4321015474","https://openalex.org/W4327663221","https://openalex.org/W4385330534","https://openalex.org/W4386022636","https://openalex.org/W4389430217","https://openalex.org/W4390467520","https://openalex.org/W4392393090","https://openalex.org/W4393380917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005759282","https://openalex.org/W2078793151","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3017222382","https://openalex.org/W3136915866","https://openalex.org/W4390279576","https://openalex.org/W2886890203","https://openalex.org/W4313535650","https://openalex.org/W2287770975","https://openalex.org/W2947417049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Performing":[0],"data":[1,21,62,76,100,168],"augmentation":[2,48,77,131,169],"in":[3,42,101,170],"medical":[4,43,103,139,171],"named":[5,140],"entity":[6],"recognition":[7,121,136],"(NER)":[8],"is":[9,22],"crucial":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,51],"the":[13,65,95,102,135,143,147,158,163],"unique":[14],"challenges":[15],"posed":[16],"by":[17,24,55],"this":[18],"field.":[19],"Medical":[20],"characterized":[23],"high":[25,40],"acquisition":[26],"costs,":[27],"specialized":[28],"terminology,":[29],"imbalanced":[30],"distributions,":[31],"and":[32,68,86,97,120,165],"limited":[33,124],"training":[34,58,66],"resources.":[35,125],"These":[36],"factors":[37],"make":[38],"achieving":[39],"performance":[41,119],"NER":[44,112],"particularly":[45],"difficult.":[46],"Data":[47],"methods":[49,115,132],"help":[50],"mitigate":[52],"these":[53,114],"issues":[54],"generating":[56],"additional":[57],"samples,":[59],"thus":[60],"balancing":[61],"distribution,":[63],"enriching":[64],"dataset,":[67],"improving":[69],"model":[70,145],"generalization.":[71],"This":[72,161],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"two":[75],"methods-Contextual":[78],"Random":[79,89],"Replacement":[80,90],"based":[81],"on":[82],"Word2Vec":[83],"Augmentation":[84,91],"(CRR)":[85],"Targeted":[87],"Entity":[88],"(TER)-aimed":[92],"at":[93],"addressing":[94],"scarcity":[96],"imbalance":[98],"of":[99,138,151,167],"domain.":[104],"When":[105],"combined":[106],"with":[107],"a":[108,154],"deep":[109],"learning-based":[110],"Chinese":[111],"model,":[113],"can":[116],"significantly":[117],"enhance":[118],"accuracy":[122],"under":[123],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"that":[129],"both":[130],"effectively":[133],"improve":[134],"capability":[137],"entities.":[141],"Specifically,":[142],"BERT-BiLSTM-CRF":[144],"achieved":[146],"highest":[148],"F1":[149],"score":[150],"83.587%,":[152],"representing":[153],"1.49%":[155],"increase":[156],"over":[157],"baseline":[159],"model.":[160],"validates":[162],"importance":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"NER.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
