{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396610885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","title":"Enhancing pneumonia prognosis in the emergency department: a novel machine learning approach using complete blood count and\u00a0differential leukocyte count combined with CURB-65 score","display_name":"Enhancing pneumonia prognosis in the emergency department: a novel machine learning approach using complete blood count and\u00a0differential leukocyte count combined with CURB-65 score","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396610885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38702739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101347716","display_name":"Yin-Ting Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156562","display_name":"Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy6pv35","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin-Ting Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101189017","display_name":"Ko\u2010Ming Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156562","display_name":"Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy6pv35","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ko-Ming Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007347301","display_name":"Kai-Hsiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-882X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141243467","display_name":"Chang Gung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/009knm296","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141243467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183570559","display_name":"National Chiayi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gknbs13","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156562","display_name":"Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy6pv35","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Hsiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562","https://openalex.org/I141243467","https://openalex.org/I183570559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. eilrahc1219@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004068452","display_name":"Frank Lien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156562","display_name":"Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy6pv35","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Lien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan. flien.tw@gmail.com","Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan. flien.tw@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007347301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141243467","https://openalex.org/I173093425","https://openalex.org/I183570559","https://openalex.org/I4210156562"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":2.8728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91343266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"118","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.7516000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.7516000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.13809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1308","display_name":"Clinical Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7646692991256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department","display_name":"Emergency department","score":0.7437925338745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumonia","score":0.6857191324234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportional-hazards-model","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","score":0.5505481362342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5450412034988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.5195627212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteremia","display_name":"Bacteremia","score":0.5026974678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.48285728693008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medicine","display_name":"Emergency medicine","score":0.4625930190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-rate","display_name":"Mortality rate","score":0.4237653911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia-severity-index","display_name":"Pneumonia severity index","score":0.4218537211418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.35731297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32403233647346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-acquired-pneumonia","display_name":"Community-acquired pneumonia","score":0.26952946186065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.13367408514022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12374359369277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.11222687363624573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7646692991256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.7437925338745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6857191324234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5505481362342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5450412034988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5195627212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779443120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650912","display_name":"Bacteremia","level":3,"score":0.5026974678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.48285728693008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4625930190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.4237653911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778314733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6639737","display_name":"Pneumonia severity index","level":4,"score":0.4218537211418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35731297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32403233647346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776102371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460030","display_name":"Community-acquired pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.26952946186065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.13367408514022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12374359369277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11222687363624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38702739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38702739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11069213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11069213","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11069213/pdf/12911_2024_Article_2523.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68d499360a9c4dada5dbe733df39892e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68d499360a9c4dada5dbe733df39892e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-024-02523-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322767","display_name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335808","display_name":"Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy6pv35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396610885.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W998118996","https://openalex.org/W1544946484","https://openalex.org/W1645460010","https://openalex.org/W1997730357","https://openalex.org/W2006834697","https://openalex.org/W2037274804","https://openalex.org/W2040624894","https://openalex.org/W2067022616","https://openalex.org/W2068248871","https://openalex.org/W2077382206","https://openalex.org/W2077441600","https://openalex.org/W2079887863","https://openalex.org/W2100474411","https://openalex.org/W2102361557","https://openalex.org/W2104661713","https://openalex.org/W2105923679","https://openalex.org/W2113157074","https://openalex.org/W2113244250","https://openalex.org/W2120729651","https://openalex.org/W2121224005","https://openalex.org/W2123039957","https://openalex.org/W2130141864","https://openalex.org/W2130680989","https://openalex.org/W2133440505","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2144263500","https://openalex.org/W2154098440","https://openalex.org/W2160608434","https://openalex.org/W2163427266","https://openalex.org/W2166607382","https://openalex.org/W2320270386","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2515827706","https://openalex.org/W2582531947","https://openalex.org/W2807712763","https://openalex.org/W2906691128","https://openalex.org/W2911193641","https://openalex.org/W2921931428","https://openalex.org/W2977322360","https://openalex.org/W2982211931","https://openalex.org/W3035150724","https://openalex.org/W3042689945","https://openalex.org/W3046994873","https://openalex.org/W3091740529","https://openalex.org/W3119668850","https://openalex.org/W3145041166","https://openalex.org/W3191268693","https://openalex.org/W4220894385","https://openalex.org/W4225287803","https://openalex.org/W4285602588","https://openalex.org/W4306151930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301072685","https://openalex.org/W2051018641","https://openalex.org/W2411369229","https://openalex.org/W3167838867","https://openalex.org/W1963891627","https://openalex.org/W2025350601","https://openalex.org/W2138999771","https://openalex.org/W4311263383","https://openalex.org/W2411307492","https://openalex.org/W3036922967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Pneumonia":[1],"poses":[2],"a":[3,27,106,158,254,301,328],"major":[4],"global":[5],"health":[6],"challenge,":[7],"necessitating":[8],"accurate":[9],"severity":[10,83],"assessment":[11],"tools.":[12],"However,":[13,216],"conventional":[14],"scoring":[15],"systems":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"CURB-65":[19,79,144,172,192,235,280,295],"have":[20],"inherent":[21],"limitations.":[22],"Machine":[23],"learning":[24],"(ML)":[25],"offers":[26],"promising":[28],"approach":[29],"for":[30,146,194,237,284,311,333],"prediction.":[31],"We":[32,131],"previously":[33],"introduced":[34],"the":[35,74,120,133,168,188,195,203,217,226,242,247,277,289,294,322,339],"Blood":[36],"Culture":[37],"Prediction":[38],"Index":[39],"(BCPI)":[40],"model,":[41,135,266,304],"leveraging":[42],"solely":[43],"on":[44,139],"complete":[45],"blood":[46],"count":[47,52],"(CBC)":[48],"and":[49,78,90,124,142,171,191,202,271,297,318],"differential":[50],"leukocyte":[51],"(DC),":[53],"demonstrating":[54],"its":[55,61,315],"effectiveness":[56,75],"in":[57,63,80,84,111,119,128,199,281,288,338],"predicting":[58,282],"bacteremia.":[59],"Nevertheless,":[60],"potential":[62],"assessing":[64,81],"pneumonia":[65,82,118,287,337],"remains":[66],"unexplored.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"this":[69,129,178],"study":[70,102],"aims":[71],"to":[72,96,149,163,175,276],"compare":[73,150],"of":[76,187,230,234],"BCPI":[77,134,169,189,265,298],"an":[85,92,222],"emergency":[86,340],"department":[87],"(ED)":[88],"setting":[89],"develop":[91],"integrated":[93],"ML":[94,272],"model":[95,162,170,190,220,250,299,325],"enhance":[97],"efficiency.":[98],"METHODS:":[99],"This":[100],"retrospective":[101],"was":[103,137,210],"conducted":[104],"at":[105],"3400-bed":[107],"tertiary":[108],"medical":[109],"center":[110],"Taiwan.":[112],"Data":[113],"from":[114],"9,352":[115],"patients":[116,201,209,285,335],"with":[117,253,286,336],"ED":[121,200],"between":[122],"2019":[123],"2021":[125],"were":[126],"analyzed":[127],"study.":[130],"utilized":[132,279],"which":[136],"trained":[138],"CBC/DC":[140,269],"data,":[141],"computed":[143],"scores":[145],"each":[147],"patient":[148],"their":[151],"prognosis":[152],"prediction":[153,308,331],"capabilities.":[154],"Subsequently,":[155],"we":[156,305],"developed":[157],"novel":[159],"Cox":[160,218,248,302,323],"regression":[161,219,249,303,324],"predict":[164],"in-hospital":[165,204,238],"mortality,":[166],"integrating":[167,293],"scores,":[173],"aiming":[174],"assess":[176],"whether":[177],"integration":[179],"enhances":[180],"predictive":[181,185],"performance.":[182],"RESULTS:":[183],"The":[184,264],"performance":[186],"score":[193,296],"30-day":[196],"mortality":[197,205,239,257],"rate":[198,206,258],"among":[207],"admitted":[208],"comparable":[211],"across":[212],"all":[213],"risk":[214,244],"categories.":[215],"demonstrated":[221,306],"improved":[223,307],"area":[224],"under":[225],"ROC":[227],"curve":[228],"(AUC)":[229],"0.713":[231],"than":[232],"that":[233],"(0.668)":[236],"(p<0.001).":[240],"In":[241],"lowest":[243],"group":[245],"(CURB-65=0),":[246],"outperformed":[251],"CURB-65,":[252],"significantly":[255],"lower":[256],"(2.9%":[259],"vs.":[260],"7.7%,":[261],"p<0.001).":[262],"CONCLUSIONS:":[263],"constructed":[267],"using":[268],"data":[270],"techniques,":[273],"performs":[274],"comparably":[275],"widely":[278],"outcomes":[283],"ED.":[290],"Furthermore,":[291],"by":[292],"into":[300],"capabilities,":[309],"particularly":[310],"low-risk":[312],"patients.":[313],"Given":[314],"simple":[316],"parameters":[317],"easy":[319],"training":[320],"process,":[321],"may":[326],"be":[327],"more":[329],"effective":[330],"tool":[332],"classifying":[334],"room.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-05T07:55:05.734416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}