{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389564434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","title":"Machine learning for the prediction of sepsis-related death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Machine learning for the prediction of sepsis-related death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389564434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456099","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097509","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r67fz39","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067857865","display_name":"Weiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9587-6683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097509","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r67fz39","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684926","display_name":"Ping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097509","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r67fz39","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. yangcheng@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn","Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. yangcheng@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601644","display_name":"An Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-6271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097509","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r67fz39","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"An Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. zhangan@Hospital.cqmu.edu.cn","Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. zhangan@Hospital.cqmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100601644","https://openalex.org/A5101684926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457","https://openalex.org/I4210097509","https://openalex.org/I87780372"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.5931,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95846207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"283","last_page":"283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.8258345127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7638483047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.5816607475280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5763752460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.4246806502342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concordance","display_name":"Concordance","score":0.41327548027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.3993833363056183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3850729167461395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.17711621522903442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.8258345127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7638483047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5816607475280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5763752460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.4246806502342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.41327548027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.3993833363056183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3850729167461395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17711621522903442}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38082381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10712076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10712076","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10712076/pdf/12911_2023_Article_2383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb8b2e9f24ff414687ea09c4daa0ae50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb8b2e9f24ff414687ea09c4daa0ae50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02383-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389564434.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486210018","https://openalex.org/W1869842011","https://openalex.org/W1898928487","https://openalex.org/W1970936458","https://openalex.org/W1977823755","https://openalex.org/W2000658385","https://openalex.org/W2055571966","https://openalex.org/W2090470999","https://openalex.org/W2091983880","https://openalex.org/W2100220027","https://openalex.org/W2107978811","https://openalex.org/W2128349740","https://openalex.org/W2130075376","https://openalex.org/W2144589352","https://openalex.org/W2150765167","https://openalex.org/W2166190627","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2200122354","https://openalex.org/W2280404143","https://openalex.org/W2294908710","https://openalex.org/W2561440804","https://openalex.org/W2580821343","https://openalex.org/W2586656740","https://openalex.org/W2597828099","https://openalex.org/W2615910949","https://openalex.org/W2724317418","https://openalex.org/W2757089737","https://openalex.org/W2773868320","https://openalex.org/W2784499877","https://openalex.org/W2788736459","https://openalex.org/W2799662739","https://openalex.org/W2801491521","https://openalex.org/W2805880769","https://openalex.org/W2806694277","https://openalex.org/W2883189216","https://openalex.org/W2889592693","https://openalex.org/W2897276208","https://openalex.org/W2901171615","https://openalex.org/W2915869464","https://openalex.org/W2920803727","https://openalex.org/W2923418412","https://openalex.org/W2944396597","https://openalex.org/W2969085030","https://openalex.org/W2987952249","https://openalex.org/W2992764683","https://openalex.org/W2998853022","https://openalex.org/W2999087566","https://openalex.org/W3013681994","https://openalex.org/W3014994762","https://openalex.org/W3036684707","https://openalex.org/W3048587623","https://openalex.org/W3084628927","https://openalex.org/W3090266264","https://openalex.org/W3094217567","https://openalex.org/W3098949126","https://openalex.org/W3108946043","https://openalex.org/W3111698685","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3125955006","https://openalex.org/W3126539530","https://openalex.org/W3129633046","https://openalex.org/W3130986134","https://openalex.org/W3149782091","https://openalex.org/W3162778512","https://openalex.org/W3163529572","https://openalex.org/W3169430176","https://openalex.org/W3176273571","https://openalex.org/W3178131720","https://openalex.org/W3183170058","https://openalex.org/W3183837412","https://openalex.org/W3196226391","https://openalex.org/W3198630008","https://openalex.org/W3204072610","https://openalex.org/W3210128647","https://openalex.org/W4206602402","https://openalex.org/W4206815626","https://openalex.org/W4207015233","https://openalex.org/W4210918533","https://openalex.org/W4211167018","https://openalex.org/W4220779614","https://openalex.org/W4223567832","https://openalex.org/W4223637132","https://openalex.org/W4224881319","https://openalex.org/W4236195753","https://openalex.org/W4238608663","https://openalex.org/W4247943214","https://openalex.org/W4280531286","https://openalex.org/W4280616699","https://openalex.org/W4282960414","https://openalex.org/W4293242440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386690025","https://openalex.org/W3208169454","https://openalex.org/W4322710485","https://openalex.org/W4315777889","https://openalex.org/W3201348321","https://openalex.org/W4294691859","https://openalex.org/W3159988495","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W4226232432","https://openalex.org/W4214726295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"OBJECTIVES:":[2],"Sepsis":[3],"is":[4,65,302,316],"accompanied":[5],"by":[6,268],"a":[7,66],"considerably":[8],"high":[9],"risk":[10,23,28,58,128,285,325],"of":[11,20,41,68,74,83,102,118,129,141,154,158,190,296,333],"mortality":[12,22,57,284,324],"in":[13,60,131,199,208,227,281,286,292],"the":[14,18,38,72,81,99,137,200,209,239,260,283,290,330],"short":[15],"term,":[16],"despite":[17],"availability":[19],"recommended":[21],"assessment":[24,29,326],"tools.":[25,272],"However,":[26],"these":[27],"tools":[30,219,327],"seem":[31],"to":[32,51,97,152,166,305,318],"have":[33,49],"limited":[34],"predictive":[35,75,100,132,163],"value.":[36],"With":[37],"gradual":[39],"integration":[40],"machine":[42,53,78,85,103,191,241,311],"learning":[43,54,79,86,104,192,214,242,275,312],"into":[44],"clinical":[45,217,270],"practice,":[46],"some":[47],"researchers":[48],"attempted":[50],"employ":[52],"for":[55,105,169],"early":[56],"prediction":[59,298],"sepsis":[61,170,287],"patients.":[62,288],"Nevertheless,":[63],"there":[64,301],"lack":[67],"comprehensive":[69],"understanding":[70],"regarding":[71],"construction":[73],"variables":[76,164],"using":[77,136],"and":[80,95,116,156,160,188,197,203,206,220,225,233,294,341],"value":[82,101],"various":[84],"methods.":[87],"Thus,":[88],"we":[89],"carried":[90],"out":[91],"this":[92],"systematic":[93],"review":[94],"meta-analysis":[96],"explore":[98,306],"sepsis-related":[106],"death":[107,155,171],"at":[108],"different":[109,228],"time":[110,153],"points.":[111],"METHODS:":[112],"PubMed,":[113],"Embase,":[114],"Cochrane,":[115],"Web":[117],"Science":[119],"databases":[120],"were":[121,177,194],"searched":[122],"until":[123],"August":[124],"9th,":[125],"2022.":[126],"The":[127,182],"bias":[130],"models":[133,168,193,243],"was":[134,259,265],"assessed":[135],"Prediction":[138],"model":[139,159],"Risk":[140],"Bias":[142],"Assessment":[143],"Tool":[144],"(PROBAST).":[145],"We":[146],"also":[147],"performed":[148],"subgroup":[149],"analysis":[150],"according":[151],"type":[157],"summarized":[161],"current":[162,269],"used":[165],"construct":[167],"prediction.":[172],"RESULTS:":[173],"Fifty":[174],"original":[175],"studies":[176],"included,":[178],"covering":[179],"104":[180],"models.":[181],"combined":[183],"Concordance":[184],"index":[185],"(C-index),":[186],"sensitivity,":[187,224],"specificity":[189,226],"0.799,":[195],"0.81,":[196],"0.80":[198],"training":[201],"set,":[202,211],"0.774,":[204],"0.71,":[205],"0.68":[207],"validation":[210],"respectively.":[212],"Machine":[213,274],"outperformed":[215],"conventional":[216],"scoring":[218,271,299],"showed":[221,246],"excellent":[222],"C-index,":[223],"subgroups.":[229],"Random":[230],"Forest":[231],"(RF)":[232],"eXtreme":[234],"Gradient":[235],"Boosting":[236],"(XGBoost)":[237],"are":[238],"preferred":[240],"because":[244],"they":[245],"more":[247,322],"favorable":[248,279],"accuracy":[249,280,293],"with":[250],"similar":[251],"modeling":[252],"variables.":[253],"This":[254],"study":[255],"found":[256],"that":[257],"lactate":[258],"most":[261],"frequent":[262],"predictor":[263],"but":[264],"seriously":[266],"ignored":[267],"CONCLUSION:":[273],"methods":[276],"demonstrate":[277],"relatively":[278],"predicting":[282],"Given":[289],"limitations":[291],"applicability":[295],"existing":[297,310],"systems,":[300],"an":[303],"opportunity":[304],"updates":[307],"based":[308,328],"on":[309,329],"approaches.":[313],"Specifically,":[314],"it":[315],"essential":[317],"develop":[319],"or":[320],"update":[321],"suitable":[323],"specific":[331],"contexts":[332],"use,":[334],"such":[335],"as":[336],"emergency":[337],"departments,":[338],"general":[339],"wards,":[340],"intensive":[342],"care":[343],"units.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}