{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384524026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","title":"Machine learning applications for early detection of esophageal cancer: a systematic review","display_name":"Machine learning applications for early detection of esophageal cancer: a systematic review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384524026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37460991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079433693","display_name":"Farhang Hosseini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhang Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058870460","display_name":"Farkhondeh Asadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0939-7983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farkhondeh Asadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. asadifar@sbmu.ac.ir","Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. asadifar@sbmu.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082176826","display_name":"Hassan Emami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-5049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Emami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rayan Ebnali Harari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rayan Ebnali Harari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079433693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":9.1463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98592169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"124","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria","display_name":"Inclusion and exclusion criteria","score":0.6202878952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6001508235931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5718753933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5378304123878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4735621213912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4272746443748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esophagus","display_name":"Esophagus","score":0.4241981506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3693634867668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1019669771194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09805759787559509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858520","display_name":"Inclusion and exclusion criteria","level":3,"score":0.6202878952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6001508235931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5718753933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5378304123878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4735621213912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4272746443748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777819096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173710","display_name":"Esophagus","level":2,"score":0.4241981506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3693634867668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1019669771194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09805759787559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004938","descriptor_name":"Esophageal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37460991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37460991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10351192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10351192","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10351192/pdf/12911_2023_Article_2235.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac0411c97020492a80b563ba51645b8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac0411c97020492a80b563ba51645b8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-023-02235-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323457","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384524026.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1222886474","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1976830577","https://openalex.org/W1977678685","https://openalex.org/W2071537189","https://openalex.org/W2088467778","https://openalex.org/W2099567806","https://openalex.org/W2144199821","https://openalex.org/W2175983554","https://openalex.org/W2765940790","https://openalex.org/W2886205008","https://openalex.org/W2899314786","https://openalex.org/W2901024487","https://openalex.org/W2911774387","https://openalex.org/W2956057111","https://openalex.org/W2957409472","https://openalex.org/W2969427054","https://openalex.org/W2974120146","https://openalex.org/W2980189697","https://openalex.org/W2989631244","https://openalex.org/W3013772992","https://openalex.org/W3021721347","https://openalex.org/W3027205504","https://openalex.org/W3036159435","https://openalex.org/W3040743297","https://openalex.org/W3045307953","https://openalex.org/W3088283772","https://openalex.org/W3091878842","https://openalex.org/W3092184697","https://openalex.org/W3097329159","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3107698226","https://openalex.org/W3109402659","https://openalex.org/W3115279029","https://openalex.org/W3122923767","https://openalex.org/W3130661135","https://openalex.org/W3149904666","https://openalex.org/W3158576835","https://openalex.org/W3161913016","https://openalex.org/W3163718176","https://openalex.org/W3192105339","https://openalex.org/W3199596098","https://openalex.org/W3200142304","https://openalex.org/W3200880783","https://openalex.org/W3204179093","https://openalex.org/W3213867612","https://openalex.org/W3215073785","https://openalex.org/W3215445914","https://openalex.org/W3215628199","https://openalex.org/W4206135833","https://openalex.org/W4206948404","https://openalex.org/W4210486330","https://openalex.org/W4213322576","https://openalex.org/W4214548747","https://openalex.org/W4220779116","https://openalex.org/W4220795412","https://openalex.org/W4221093166","https://openalex.org/W4223430324","https://openalex.org/W4225913621","https://openalex.org/W4226353645","https://openalex.org/W4252560545","https://openalex.org/W4283065819","https://openalex.org/W4283212081","https://openalex.org/W4283646524","https://openalex.org/W4285490787","https://openalex.org/W4287218132","https://openalex.org/W4294131628","https://openalex.org/W4296079707","https://openalex.org/W4296445181","https://openalex.org/W4298012299","https://openalex.org/W4310948897","https://openalex.org/W4389383192","https://openalex.org/W6627186421","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6834191581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406182809","https://openalex.org/W2363090083","https://openalex.org/W2371217524","https://openalex.org/W4254609501","https://openalex.org/W2359240709","https://openalex.org/W2962979050","https://openalex.org/W2078854150","https://openalex.org/W2367611133","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2333124511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Esophageal":[1],"cancer":[2],"(EC)":[3],"is":[4,284],"a":[5,104,192],"significant":[6],"global":[7],"health":[8],"problem,":[9],"with":[10,36,214],"an":[11],"estimated":[12],"7th":[13],"highest":[14,18,202],"incidence":[15],"and":[16,23,67,85,117,134,140,180,241,273,277,286,311],"6th":[17],"mortality":[19],"rate.":[20],"Timely":[21],"diagnosis":[22,276],"treatment":[24,278],"are":[25,38,289],"critical":[26],"for":[27,95,147,316],"improving":[28],"patients'":[29],"outcomes,":[30],"as":[31,123],"over":[32,189],"40%":[33],"of":[34,74,77,90,99,108,114,153,159,166,171,178,185,198,204,212,217,247,267,296,302,318],"patients":[35],"EC":[37,213,248],"diagnosed":[39],"after":[40],"metastasis.":[41],"Recent":[42],"advances":[43],"in":[44,50,57,63,162,175,208,243,263,275,299,323],"machine":[45],"learning":[46],"(ML)":[47],"techniques,":[48,230],"particularly":[49],"computer":[51],"vision,":[52],"have":[53],"demonstrated":[54],"promising":[55],"applications":[56,295],"medical":[58],"image":[59],"processing,":[60],"assisting":[61],"clinicians":[62],"making":[64],"more":[65,287],"accurate":[66],"faster":[68],"diagnostic":[69],"decisions.":[70],"Given":[71],"the":[72,87,96,157,163,172,176,186,201,209,215,244,264,281,293,314],"significance":[73],"early":[75,97,164,196,210,245,265,300],"detection":[76,98,165,197,211,246,266,301,319],"EC,":[78,268],"this":[79,154],"systematic":[80,106],"review":[81,155],"aims":[82],"to":[83,221,250,291],"summarize":[84],"discuss":[86],"current":[88,282],"state":[89],"research":[91],"on":[92,195,233],"ML-based":[93,160],"methods":[94,161,174,231,259,298],"EC.":[100,167,199,303],"METHODS:":[101],"We":[102],"conducted":[103],"comprehensive":[105],"search":[107,120],"five":[109],"databases":[110],"(PubMed,":[111],"Scopus,":[112],"Web":[113],"Science,":[115],"Wiley,":[116],"IEEE)":[118],"using":[119],"terms":[121],"such":[122],"\"ML\",":[124],"\"Deep":[125],"Learning":[126],"(DL":[127],"(\",":[128],"\"Neural":[129],"Networks":[130],"(NN)\",":[131],"\"Esophagus\",":[132],"\"EC\"":[133],"\"Early":[135],"Detection\".":[136],"After":[137],"applying":[138],"inclusion":[139],"exclusion":[141],"criteria,":[142],"31":[143],"articles":[144],"were":[145],"retained":[146],"full":[148],"review.":[149],"RESULTS:":[150],"The":[151,168],"results":[152],"highlight":[156],"potential":[158],"average":[169],"accuracy":[170,240,262],"reviewed":[173],"analysis":[177],"endoscopic":[179],"computed":[181],"tomography":[182],"(CT":[183],"(images":[184],"esophagus":[187],"was":[188,219],"89%,":[190],"indicating":[191],"high":[193],"impact":[194],"Additionally,":[200],"percentage":[203],"clinical":[205,294],"images":[206],"used":[207],"use":[216],"ML":[218,229,258],"related":[220],"white":[222],"light":[223],"imaging":[224],"(WLI)":[225],"images.":[226],"Among":[227],"all":[228],"based":[232],"convolutional":[234],"neural":[235],"networks":[236],"(CNN)":[237],"achieved":[238],"higher":[239],"sensitivity":[242],"compared":[249],"other":[251],"methods.":[252],"CONCLUSION:":[253],"Our":[254],"findings":[255],"suggest":[256],"that":[257],"may":[260],"improve":[261],"potentially":[269],"supporting":[270],"radiologists,":[271],"endoscopists,":[272],"pathologists":[274],"planning.":[279],"However,":[280],"literature":[283],"limited,":[285],"studies":[288,306],"needed":[290],"investigate":[292],"these":[297],"Furthermore,":[304],"many":[305],"suffer":[307],"from":[308],"class":[309],"imbalance":[310],"biases,":[312],"highlighting":[313],"need":[315],"validation":[317],"algorithms":[320],"across":[321],"organizations":[322],"longitudinal":[324],"studies.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
