{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309267671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","title":"Detection of K-complexes in EEG waveform images using faster R-CNN and deep transfer learning","display_name":"Detection of K-complexes in EEG waveform images using faster R-CNN and deep transfer learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309267671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36397034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060526740","display_name":"Natheer Khasawneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4520-1602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natheer Khasawneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. natheer@just.edu.jo","Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. natheer@just.edu.jo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042348594","display_name":"Mohammad Fraiwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-5275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Fraiwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056168396","display_name":"Luay Fraiwan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["AE","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luay Fraiwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060526740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":4.3776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95489673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"297","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7936403155326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7493643760681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7125284075737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6928096413612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.660307765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6389250159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6318179368972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5960040092468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5182140469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4951397478580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09057122468948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06924331188201904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7936403155326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7493643760681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7125284075737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6928096413612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.660307765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6389250159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6318179368972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5960040092468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5182140469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4951397478580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09057122468948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06924331188201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36397034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36397034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69354c364ce84fa1bd9c9a4753348e17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69354c364ce84fa1bd9c9a4753348e17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9673349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9673349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-02042-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1749223111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336727","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4518976149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322303","funder_display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8450792934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322303","funder_display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322303","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336727","display_name":"Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309267671.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309267671.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1690323875","https://openalex.org/W1833444801","https://openalex.org/W1980287119","https://openalex.org/W1983251083","https://openalex.org/W1998128213","https://openalex.org/W2002114549","https://openalex.org/W2012533813","https://openalex.org/W2041981196","https://openalex.org/W2072288110","https://openalex.org/W2083192860","https://openalex.org/W2097001719","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2154216640","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2335034010","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2566067878","https://openalex.org/W2584920374","https://openalex.org/W2586515809","https://openalex.org/W2592165703","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2730865192","https://openalex.org/W2782079669","https://openalex.org/W2788214833","https://openalex.org/W2903696695","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2913087274","https://openalex.org/W2932763761","https://openalex.org/W2946966984","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963469393","https://openalex.org/W2987709164","https://openalex.org/W3006385477","https://openalex.org/W3008786330","https://openalex.org/W3025821205","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3105032072","https://openalex.org/W3161194883","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3211250351","https://openalex.org/W3211290399","https://openalex.org/W6788728950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W3135818718","https://openalex.org/W4290188444","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3003905048","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W3127975138","https://openalex.org/W2032664813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,128,155],"electroencephalography":[2],"(EEG)":[3],"signal":[4],"carries":[5],"important":[6],"information":[7,21],"about":[8],"the":[9,13,33,64,139,142,150,178,190],"electrical":[10],"activity":[11],"of":[12,30,63,132,135,141,180],"brain,":[14],"which":[15,31,177],"may":[16],"reveal":[17],"many":[18],"pathologies.":[19],"This":[20],"is":[22,32,36,77],"carried":[23],"in":[24,176,213,219],"certain":[25],"waveforms":[26],"and":[27,43,59,89,108,126,157,168,189],"events,":[28],"one":[29],"K-complex.":[34],"It":[35],"used":[37],"by":[38],"neurologists":[39],"to":[40,165,187,198,205],"diagnose":[41],"neurophysiologic":[42],"cognitive":[44],"disorders":[45],"as":[46,48,145],"well":[47],"sleep":[49],"studies.":[50],"Existing":[51],"detection":[52,75,212],"methods":[53],"largely":[54],"depend":[55],"on":[56,80],"tedious,":[57],"time-consuming,":[58],"error-prone":[60],"manual":[61],"inspection":[62],"EEG":[65,90,136,221],"waveform.":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"a":[71,93,207],"highly":[72,208],"accurate":[73,209],"K-complex":[74,211],"system":[76],"developed.":[78],"Based":[79],"multiple":[81],"convolutional":[82,99],"neural":[83,100],"network":[84],"(CNN)":[85],"feature":[86,120],"extraction":[87,121],"backbones":[88],"waveform":[91],"images,":[92],"regions":[94,97],"with":[95,98,138],"faster":[96],"networks":[101],"(Faster":[102],"R-CNN)":[103],"detector":[104],"was":[105,113,130,183,194],"designed,":[106],"trained,":[107],"tested.":[109],"Extensive":[110],"performance":[111],"evaluation":[112],"performed":[114,160],"using":[115],"four":[116],"deep":[117],"transfer":[118],"learning":[119],"models":[122],"(AlexNet,":[123],"ResNet-101,":[124],"VGG19":[125],"Inceptionv3).":[127],"dataset":[129],"comprised":[131],"10948":[133],"images":[134,182],"waveforms,":[137],"location":[140],"K-complexes":[143],"included":[144],"separate":[146],"text":[147],"files":[148],"containing":[149],"bounding":[151],"boxes":[152],"information.":[153],"RESULTS:":[154],"Inceptionv3":[156],"VGG19-based":[158],"detectors":[159],"consistently":[161],"high":[162],"(i.e.,":[163],"up":[164],"99.8%":[166],"precision":[167],"0.2%":[169],"miss":[170],"rate)":[171],"over":[172],"different":[173],"testing":[174],"scenarios,":[175],"number":[179],"training":[181],"varied":[184],"from":[185,196],"60%":[186,197],"80%":[188],"positive":[191],"overlap":[192],"threshold":[193],"increased":[195],"90%.":[199],"CONCLUSIONS:":[200],"Our":[201],"automated":[202],"method":[203],"appears":[204],"be":[206],"automatic":[210],"real-time":[214],"that":[215],"can":[216],"aid":[217],"practitioners":[218],"speedy":[220],"inspection.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}