{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288748477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","title":"A multi-layer soft lattice based model for Chinese clinical named entity recognition","display_name":"A multi-layer soft lattice based model for Chinese clinical named entity recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288748477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35908055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102725313","display_name":"Shuli Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9415-6339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuli Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068324813","display_name":"Wentao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-7814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102772939","display_name":"Lina Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lina Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. 2438381279@qq.com","Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. 2438381279@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103141612","display_name":"Xiaowei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704903","display_name":"Guowei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-4584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102772939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.5079,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84546894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"201","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.3682999908924103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6849143505096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.6809853315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6406242251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49439167976379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice","display_name":"Lattice (music)","score":0.43619465827941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4295025169849396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4133203625679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32164475321769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1312514841556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.12817296385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11050695180892944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6849143505096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.6809853315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6406242251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49439167976379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.43619465827941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4295025169849396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4133203625679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32164475321769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1312514841556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.12817296385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11050695180892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35908055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35908055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4aeb011d366044ecb115639551d13fe3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4aeb011d366044ecb115639551d13fe3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9338545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9338545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-022-01924-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6862979132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2021GXJS205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288748477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288748477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2123556395","https://openalex.org/W2145386458","https://openalex.org/W2330149175","https://openalex.org/W2890830728","https://openalex.org/W2909597216","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2915777948","https://openalex.org/W2931252866","https://openalex.org/W2945569680","https://openalex.org/W2947596730","https://openalex.org/W2948105016","https://openalex.org/W2950784811","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962904552","https://openalex.org/W2963339489","https://openalex.org/W2972483465","https://openalex.org/W2978511610","https://openalex.org/W2982424689","https://openalex.org/W3004541293","https://openalex.org/W3007330368","https://openalex.org/W3023618320","https://openalex.org/W3033077186","https://openalex.org/W3034379414","https://openalex.org/W3092364978","https://openalex.org/W3093844547","https://openalex.org/W3105491236","https://openalex.org/W3108591960","https://openalex.org/W3116073690","https://openalex.org/W3121754639","https://openalex.org/W3156915989","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115058362","https://openalex.org/W2078793151","https://openalex.org/W3017222382","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3136915866","https://openalex.org/W4390279576","https://openalex.org/W2886890203","https://openalex.org/W4313535650","https://openalex.org/W2287770975","https://openalex.org/W2991463832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Named":[1],"entity":[2],"recognition":[3],"(NER)":[4],"is":[5,61],"a":[6,21],"key":[7],"and":[8,14,27,47,86,148,178,199,212,217,262],"fundamental":[9],"part":[10],"of":[11,20,58,95,133],"many":[12],"medical":[13,22,196,210,245],"clinical":[15,52,99,244],"tasks,":[16],"including":[17],"the":[18,56,59,93,136,139,142,149,160,165,226],"establishment":[19],"knowledge":[23],"graph,":[24],"decision-making":[25],"support,":[26],"question":[28],"answering":[29],"systems.":[30],"When":[31],"extracting":[32],"entities":[33],"from":[34],"electronic":[35],"health":[36],"records":[37],"(EHRs),":[38],"NER":[39,167],"models":[40,67,75,97,124,172],"mostly":[41],"apply":[42],"long":[43,83,195,209],"short-term":[44],"memory":[45],"(LSTM)":[46],"have":[48,77],"surprising":[49],"performance":[50,192],"in":[51,98,164,207,215,229],"NER.":[53],"However,":[54],"increasing":[55],"depth":[57],"network":[60],"often":[62],"required":[63],"by":[64,107,162],"these":[65,73],"LSTM-based":[66,74,96],"to":[68,117,128,170,235],"capture":[69,256],"long-distance":[70,125],"dependencies.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"that":[76,156,186],"achieved":[78],"high":[79],"accuracy":[80],"generally":[81],"require":[82],"training":[84,88,103,181],"times":[85],"extensive":[87],"data,":[89],"which":[90,123],"has":[91],"obstructed":[92],"adoption":[94],"scenarios":[100],"with":[101,112,176,248],"limited":[102],"time.":[104,182],"METHOD:":[105],"Inspired":[106],"Transformer,":[108,122,225],"we":[109],"combine":[110],"Transformer":[111,146],"Soft":[113],"Term":[114],"Position":[115],"Lattice":[116],"form":[118],"soft":[119,143,222,250],"lattice":[120,144,187,223,236,251],"structure":[121,145,188,224],"dependencies":[126],"similarly":[127],"LSTM.":[129],"Our":[130,153],"model":[131,203,240],"consists":[132],"four":[134],"components:":[135],"WordPiece":[137],"module,":[138,141,147],"BERT":[140],"CRF":[150,177],"module.":[151],"RESULT:":[152],"experiments":[154],"demonstrated":[155],"this":[157,230],"approach":[158],"increased":[159],"F1":[161],"1-5%":[163],"CCKS":[166],"task":[168],"compared":[169],"other":[171],"based":[173],"on":[174],"LSTM":[175],"consumed":[179],"less":[180],"Additional":[183],"evaluations":[184],"showed":[185],"transformer":[189],"shows":[190],"good":[191],"for":[193,242],"recognizing":[194,208],"terms,":[197],"abbreviations,":[198,216],"numbers.":[200,218],"The":[201],"proposed":[202,228],"achieve":[204],"91.6%":[205],"f-measure":[206,214],"terms":[211],"90.36%":[213],"CONCLUSIONS:":[219],"By":[220],"using":[221],"method":[227],"paper":[231],"captured":[232],"Chinese":[233,243,252,260],"words":[234],"information,":[237],"making":[238],"our":[239],"suitable":[241],"records.":[246],"Transformers":[247],"Mutilayer":[249],"word":[253],"construction":[254],"can":[255],"potential":[257],"interactions":[258],"between":[259],"characters":[261],"words.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}