{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200053005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","title":"Modelling and identification of characteristic kinematic features preceding freezing of gait with convolutional neural networks and layer-wise relevance propagation","display_name":"Modelling and identification of characteristic kinematic features preceding freezing of gait with convolutional neural networks and layer-wise relevance propagation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200053005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34876110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018244653","display_name":"Benjamin Filtjens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-6883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Filtjens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. benjamin.filtjens@kuleuven.be","eMedia Research Lab/STADIUS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. benjamin.filtjens@kuleuven.be","Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-6883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. benjamin.filtjens@kuleuven.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"eMedia Research Lab/STADIUS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. benjamin.filtjens@kuleuven.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083038993","display_name":"Pieter Ginis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Ginis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030612566","display_name":"Alice Nieuwboer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1193-6229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Nieuwboer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090340428","display_name":"Muhammad Raheel Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3572-5709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Raheel Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041150245","display_name":"Joke Spildooren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-3711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joke Spildooren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016823997","display_name":"Bart Vanrumste","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Vanrumste","raw_affiliation_strings":["eMedia Research Lab/STADIUS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eMedia Research Lab/STADIUS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058219954","display_name":"Peter Slaets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-2638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Slaets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Mobile Platform Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018244653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":4.7389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94986823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"341","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14286","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease and Spinal Disorders","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9648069143295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8482446670532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6617333292961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.6595615148544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.6553963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6517933011054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5794868469238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44411104917526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4354274272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.37606579065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3671574890613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13684684038162231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9648069143295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8482446670532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617333292961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.6595615148544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.6553963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6517933011054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5794868469238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44411104917526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4354274272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.37606579065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3671574890613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13684684038162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34876110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34876110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/685321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/685321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bmc Medical Informatics And Decision Making, vol. 21 (1), Art.No. ARTN 341","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30e58656e4ec4c37b4cf515a29969123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30e58656e4ec4c37b4cf515a29969123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/36337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/36337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8650332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8650332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01699-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200053005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200053005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29071921","https://openalex.org/W134203394","https://openalex.org/W1437335841","https://openalex.org/W1538858571","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1966267838","https://openalex.org/W1971298430","https://openalex.org/W1976953979","https://openalex.org/W2004291644","https://openalex.org/W2004492385","https://openalex.org/W2015976818","https://openalex.org/W2016109926","https://openalex.org/W2031532829","https://openalex.org/W2038045371","https://openalex.org/W2049223406","https://openalex.org/W2059985438","https://openalex.org/W2060598829","https://openalex.org/W2064963539","https://openalex.org/W2064996887","https://openalex.org/W2078749671","https://openalex.org/W2084413241","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2089563340","https://openalex.org/W2106509432","https://openalex.org/W2108572733","https://openalex.org/W2110626075","https://openalex.org/W2112295121","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2112921127","https://openalex.org/W2114579942","https://openalex.org/W2123171587","https://openalex.org/W2127235324","https://openalex.org/W2132202626","https://openalex.org/W2132894148","https://openalex.org/W2133385713","https://openalex.org/W2136883398","https://openalex.org/W2137522676","https://openalex.org/W2140978740","https://openalex.org/W2141995258","https://openalex.org/W2144110533","https://openalex.org/W2145362071","https://openalex.org/W2147846091","https://openalex.org/W2149769408","https://openalex.org/W2152062145","https://openalex.org/W2159552567","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2615706231","https://openalex.org/W2670714916","https://openalex.org/W2744736981","https://openalex.org/W2749718288","https://openalex.org/W2753111549","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2901519529","https://openalex.org/W2942630870","https://openalex.org/W2944681580","https://openalex.org/W2951082895","https://openalex.org/W2951434395","https://openalex.org/W2951467890","https://openalex.org/W2952505933","https://openalex.org/W2956993163","https://openalex.org/W2963287333","https://openalex.org/W2965686269","https://openalex.org/W2972942705","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2986888469","https://openalex.org/W2989608208","https://openalex.org/W2991983284","https://openalex.org/W3013838736","https://openalex.org/W3027571299","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4281261540","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Although":[1],"deep":[2],"neural":[3,105],"networks":[4],"(DNNs)":[5],"are":[6,18,243,329],"showing":[7],"state":[8],"of":[9,31,34,68,83,87,92,101,112,154,162,198,216,283,321],"the":[10,66,78,88,110,127,131,138,145,163,191,199,205,212,217,223,233,241,244,250,255,267,273,279,289,319,327],"art":[11],"performance":[12,282],"in":[13,189,266,304,308,317],"clinical":[14,43,309],"gait":[15,84,295,310],"analysis,":[16],"they":[17],"considered":[19],"to":[20,38,50,58,72,108,125,136,210,288],"be":[21],"black-box":[22],"algorithms.":[23],"In":[24],"other":[25],"words,":[26],"there":[27],"is":[28,264,286],"a":[29,35,56,103,116,150],"lack":[30],"direct":[32],"understanding":[33],"DNN's":[36],"ability":[37],"identify":[39],"relevant":[40,239],"features,":[41],"hindering":[42],"acceptance.":[44],"Interpretability":[45],"methods":[46],"have":[47],"been":[48],"developed":[49],"ameliorate":[51],"this":[52],"concern":[53],"by":[54,240,324],"providing":[55],"way":[57],"explain":[59,73],"DNN":[60,74,306],"predictions.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"use":[67],"an":[69],"interpretability":[70,227],"method":[71],"decisions":[75,307],"for":[76,214,262],"classifying":[77],"movement":[79,113,192,213],"that":[80,130,193,220,231,326],"precedes":[81,194],"freezing":[82],"(FOG),":[85],"one":[86,215,284],"most":[89,238],"debilitating":[90],"symptoms":[91],"Parkinson's":[93],"disease":[94],"(PD).":[95],"The":[96,140,160,184,225,298],"proposed":[97,299],"two-stage":[98],"pipeline":[99,300],"consists":[100],"(1)":[102,232],"convolutional":[104],"network":[106],"(CNN)":[107],"model":[109,137,164,207,211],"reduction":[111],"present":[114],"before":[115],"FOG":[117,177,263,271],"episode,":[118],"and":[119,166,178,249,272,277,292,312],"(2)":[120,258],"layer-wise":[121],"relevance":[122,261],"propagation":[123],"(LRP)":[124],"visualize":[126],"underlying":[128],"features":[129,168,235],"CNN":[132,141,185,206,242],"perceives":[133],"as":[134,237],"important":[135],"pathology.":[139],"was":[142,169,208],"trained":[143],"with":[144,158,196],"sagittal":[146],"plane":[147],"kinematics":[148],"from":[149],"motion":[151],"capture":[152],"dataset":[153],"fourteen":[155,173,179],"PD":[156,174,268],"patients":[157,175,219,269],"FOG.":[159],"robustness":[161],"predictions":[165,328],"learned":[167],"further":[170],"assessed":[171],"on":[172,331],"without":[176,270],"age-matched":[180],"healthy":[181,274],"controls.":[182],"RESULTS:":[183],"proved":[186],"highly":[187],"accurate":[188],"modelling":[190],"FOG,":[195],"86.8%":[197],"strides":[200],"being":[201],"correctly":[202],"identified.":[203],"However,":[204],"unable":[209],"seven":[218],"froze":[221],"during":[222,254],"protocol.":[224],"LRP":[226],"case":[228],"study":[229],"shows":[230],"kinematic":[234,333],"perceived":[236],"reduced":[245],"peak":[246],"knee":[247],"flexion":[248],"fixed":[251],"ankle":[252],"dorsiflexion":[253],"swing":[256],"phase,":[257],"very":[259],"little":[260],"observed":[265],"control":[275],"subjects,":[276],"(3)":[278],"poor":[280],"predictive":[281],"subject":[285],"attributed":[287],"patient's":[290],"unique":[291],"severely":[293],"flexed":[294],"signature.":[296],"CONCLUSIONS:":[297],"can":[301],"aid":[302,313],"clinicians":[303],"explaining":[305],"analysis":[311],"machine":[314],"learning":[315],"practitioners":[316],"assessing":[318],"generalization":[320],"their":[322],"models":[323],"ensuring":[325],"based":[330],"meaningful":[332],"features.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
