{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211282104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","title":"Machine learning with asymmetric abstention for biomedical decision-making","display_name":"Machine learning with asymmetric abstention for biomedical decision-making","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211282104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","mag":"3211282104","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34702225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082777396","display_name":"Mariem Gandouz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariem Gandouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024834862","display_name":"Hajo Holzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-0061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hajo Holzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060650201","display_name":"Dominik Heider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161103922","display_name":"Philipps University of Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Heider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany. dominik.heider@uni-marburg.de","Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany. dominik.heider@uni-marburg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082777396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161103922"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":1.1193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82740563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"294","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6647762656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5662649869918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5143819451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostics","display_name":"Prognostics","score":0.47958508133888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-decision-making","display_name":"Medical decision making","score":0.4418286979198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1874607503414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16365393996238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.09704980254173279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6647762656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662649869918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5143819451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129364497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042561","display_name":"Prognostics","level":2,"score":0.47958508133888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983241795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Medical decision making","level":2,"score":0.4418286979198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1874607503414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16365393996238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.09704980254173279}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34702225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34702225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0262a8233cc641d89dc68d3469433677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0262a8233cc641d89dc68d3469433677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7438353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8549182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6463615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6463615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196269","display_name":"PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lobid.org/resources/99370673400706441#!, 21(1):294","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8549182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8549182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01655-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4495043121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"031L0267A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310905","display_name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdrb571"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211282104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211282104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505191356","https://openalex.org/W1597716561","https://openalex.org/W1969557815","https://openalex.org/W1970488621","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W2009467617","https://openalex.org/W2043919728","https://openalex.org/W2064186732","https://openalex.org/W2081337758","https://openalex.org/W2104551758","https://openalex.org/W2118377301","https://openalex.org/W2126022166","https://openalex.org/W2144798162","https://openalex.org/W2147947791","https://openalex.org/W2161813894","https://openalex.org/W2402601207","https://openalex.org/W2470965540","https://openalex.org/W2550614318","https://openalex.org/W2760946358","https://openalex.org/W2798891231","https://openalex.org/W2800714951","https://openalex.org/W2805983151","https://openalex.org/W2807833939","https://openalex.org/W2902872384","https://openalex.org/W2920054351","https://openalex.org/W2949479579","https://openalex.org/W2969756003","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3001821705","https://openalex.org/W3037405958","https://openalex.org/W3093152954","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3143784018","https://openalex.org/W3159075814","https://openalex.org/W3177956756","https://openalex.org/W4256078332","https://openalex.org/W4299689471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0,46],"learning":[1,47],"and":[2,102,110,133],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"have":[5],"entered":[6],"biomedical":[7,92,108],"decision-making":[8,53],"for":[9,29,59,91],"diagnostics,":[10],"prognostics,":[11],"or":[12,126],"therapy":[13],"recommendations.":[14],"However,":[15,120],"these":[16],"methods":[17],"need":[18],"to":[19,33,87,130],"be":[20,88,136],"interpreted":[21],"with":[22,43,48,61],"care":[23],"because":[24],"of":[25],"the":[26,72,76],"severe":[27],"consequences":[28],"patients.":[30],"In":[31,75],"contrast":[32],"human":[34,52],"decision-making,":[35],"computational":[36],"models":[37],"typically":[38,68,96],"make":[39],"a":[40,56],"decision":[41,73],"also":[42],"low":[44,62],"confidence.":[45,63],"abstention":[49,65,82,104,122,132],"better":[50,89],"reflects":[51],"by":[54],"introducing":[55],"reject":[57],"option":[58],"samples":[60,128],"The":[64],"intervals":[66,70],"are":[67],"symmetric":[69,101,131],"around":[71],"boundary.":[74],"current":[77],"study,":[78],"we":[79,85],"use":[80],"asymmetric":[81,103,121],"intervals,":[83],"which":[84],"demonstrate":[86],"suited":[90],"data":[93],"that":[94,112],"is":[95],"highly":[97],"imbalanced.":[98],"We":[99],"evaluate":[100],"on":[105],"three":[106],"real-world":[107],"datasets":[109],"show":[111],"both":[113],"approaches":[114],"can":[115],"significantly":[116],"improve":[117],"classification":[118],"performance.":[119],"rejects":[123],"as":[124],"many":[125],"fewer":[127],"compared":[129],"thus,":[134],"should":[135],"used":[137],"in":[138],"imbalanced":[139],"data.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}