{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164746735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","title":"Classification of COVID-19 electrocardiograms by using hexaxial feature mapping and deep learning","display_name":"Classification of COVID-19 electrocardiograms by using hexaxial feature mapping and deep learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164746735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","mag":"3164746735","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088292562","display_name":"Mehmet Akif \u00d6zdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-113X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250383648","display_name":"Izmir K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nx4843","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Akif Ozdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey. makif.ozdemir@ikcu.edu.tr","Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey. makif.ozdemir@ikcu.edu.tr","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-113X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey. makif.ozdemir@ikcu.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey. makif.ozdemir@ikcu.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049249226","display_name":"Gizem Dilara \u00d6zdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-3733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250383648","display_name":"Izmir K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nx4843","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gizem Dilara Ozdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey","Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076242672","display_name":"Onan G\u00fcren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-3767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250383648","display_name":"Izmir K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nx4843","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onan Guren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Enigneering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088292562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250383648"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":13.476,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99352885,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"170","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.8269000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.8269000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.11789999902248383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7915980815887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7207152843475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7193394899368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6975612044334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.587181568145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5343868732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5230068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4350094795227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4185035824775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3602008819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3487575650215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19800040125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.14045342803001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08869773149490356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7915980815887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7207152843475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7193394899368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6975612044334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.587181568145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5343868732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5230068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4350094795227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4185035824775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3602008819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3487575650215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19800040125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.14045342803001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08869773149490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34034715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:542c785a87e2458eb52e16231e03963a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/542c785a87e2458eb52e16231e03963a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8146190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8146190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01521-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164746735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164746735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550873750","https://openalex.org/W2020196260","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2092480860","https://openalex.org/W2137396325","https://openalex.org/W2184461742","https://openalex.org/W2207289595","https://openalex.org/W2472057509","https://openalex.org/W2545450818","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2760318868","https://openalex.org/W2771170013","https://openalex.org/W2802900481","https://openalex.org/W2888858167","https://openalex.org/W2889838428","https://openalex.org/W2904729097","https://openalex.org/W2939569677","https://openalex.org/W2946152371","https://openalex.org/W2961638199","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971739528","https://openalex.org/W2974804109","https://openalex.org/W2982683722","https://openalex.org/W2984759351","https://openalex.org/W2986351118","https://openalex.org/W2999259076","https://openalex.org/W3001195213","https://openalex.org/W3002539152","https://openalex.org/W3005879071","https://openalex.org/W3006110666","https://openalex.org/W3006882119","https://openalex.org/W3011566912","https://openalex.org/W3013197634","https://openalex.org/W3013355240","https://openalex.org/W3014596382","https://openalex.org/W3014807714","https://openalex.org/W3016860575","https://openalex.org/W3017280750","https://openalex.org/W3017623177","https://openalex.org/W3017644243","https://openalex.org/W3017855299","https://openalex.org/W3017944233","https://openalex.org/W3021248054","https://openalex.org/W3021622280","https://openalex.org/W3023398824","https://openalex.org/W3023930242","https://openalex.org/W3025403314","https://openalex.org/W3027202540","https://openalex.org/W3027530687","https://openalex.org/W3027682070","https://openalex.org/W3027938307","https://openalex.org/W3028427008","https://openalex.org/W3034772361","https://openalex.org/W3035228328","https://openalex.org/W3036495743","https://openalex.org/W3042683193","https://openalex.org/W3043817717","https://openalex.org/W3046579536","https://openalex.org/W3047298504","https://openalex.org/W3080459878","https://openalex.org/W3083553035","https://openalex.org/W3087348791","https://openalex.org/W3087597140","https://openalex.org/W3087795675","https://openalex.org/W3089168916","https://openalex.org/W3089656204","https://openalex.org/W3089981751","https://openalex.org/W3091263435","https://openalex.org/W3092624683","https://openalex.org/W3093512431","https://openalex.org/W3093802981","https://openalex.org/W3093948301","https://openalex.org/W3094764353","https://openalex.org/W3094845650","https://openalex.org/W3103448416","https://openalex.org/W3104191272","https://openalex.org/W3105811588","https://openalex.org/W3108663163","https://openalex.org/W3109349638","https://openalex.org/W3114940965","https://openalex.org/W3117016536","https://openalex.org/W3119151321","https://openalex.org/W3124099916","https://openalex.org/W3125811498","https://openalex.org/W3127000991","https://openalex.org/W3133191822","https://openalex.org/W3135243128","https://openalex.org/W3158116207","https://openalex.org/W3165773275","https://openalex.org/W4207010309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W2788292821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Coronavirus":[1],"disease":[2],"2019":[3],"(COVID-19)":[4,204],"has":[5,29],"become":[6,30],"a":[7,72,113,131,261,301],"pandemic":[8],"since":[9],"its":[10],"first":[11,69,151],"appearance":[12],"in":[13,289],"late":[14],"2019.":[15],"Deaths":[16],"caused":[17,254,277],"by":[18,24,59,255,278],"COVID-19":[19,58,157,165,176,209,222,256,279],"are":[20,41,109,128,161,205,238,313],"still":[21],"increasing":[22],"day":[23,25],"and":[26,74,101,143,158,184,199,202,230],"early":[27],"diagnosis":[28,291],"crucial.":[31],"Since":[32],"current":[33],"diagnostic":[34,141,210],"methods":[35],"have":[36],"many":[37],"disadvantages,":[38],"new":[39,73,114],"investigations":[40],"needed":[42],"to":[43,55,83,87,98,120,138,163,169,207,240],"improve":[44],"the":[45,68,140,146,150,171,189,217,242,245,272,290,296],"performance":[46,144,178,224],"of":[47,145,182,186,228,232,244,251,274,292],"diagnosis.":[48],"METHODS:":[49],"A":[50],"novel":[51],"method":[52,76,95],"is":[53,81,96],"proposed":[54,82,147,172,218,246,297],"automatically":[56],"diagnose":[57,121],"using":[60],"Electrocardiogram":[61],"(ECG)":[62],"data":[63,154,193],"with":[64,179,225,260],"deep":[65,262],"learning":[66,263],"for":[67,305],"time.":[70],"Moreover,":[71],"effective":[75],"called":[77],"hexaxial":[78,103],"feature":[79],"mapping":[80,104],"represent":[84],"12-lead":[85],"ECG":[86,135,153,192,266,284],"2D":[88],"colorful":[89],"images.":[90,105],"Gray-Level":[91],"Co-Occurrence":[92],"Matrix":[93],"(GLCM)":[94],"used":[97,288],"extract":[99],"features":[100],"generate":[102],"These":[106],"generated":[107],"images":[108],"then":[110],"fed":[111],"into":[112],"Convolutional":[115],"Neural":[116],"Network":[117],"(CNN)":[118],"architecture":[119],"COVID-19.":[122,293],"RESULTS:":[123],"Two":[124],"different":[125,235],"classification":[126,166],"scenarios":[127],"conducted":[129,239],"on":[130],"publicly":[132,315],"available":[133,316],"paper-based":[134],"image":[136],"dataset":[137],"reveal":[139],"capability":[142],"approach.":[148,247],"In":[149,188],"scenario,":[152,191],"labeled":[155,194],"as":[156,195],"No-Findings":[159],"(normal)":[160],"classified":[162,206],"evaluate":[164,208,241],"ability.":[167,211],"According":[168],"results,":[170],"approach":[173,219],"provides":[174,220],"encouraging":[175],"detection":[177,250],"an":[180,226],"accuracy":[181,227],"96.20%":[183],"F1-Score":[185,231],"96.30%.":[187],"second":[190],"Negative":[196],"(normal,":[197],"abnormal,":[198],"myocardial":[200],"infarction)":[201],"Positive":[203],"The":[212],"experimental":[213,236],"results":[214],"demonstrated":[215],"that":[216,283],"satisfactory":[221],"prediction":[223],"93.00%":[229],"93.20%.":[233],"Furthermore,":[234],"studies":[237],"robustness":[243],"CONCLUSION:":[248],"Automatic":[249],"cardiovascular":[252,275],"changes":[253,276],"can":[257,285],"be":[258,287],"possible":[259],"framework":[264],"through":[265],"data.":[267],"This":[268],"not":[269],"only":[270],"proves":[271],"presence":[273],"but":[280],"also":[281],"reveals":[282],"potentially":[286],"We":[294],"believe":[295],"study":[298],"may":[299],"provide":[300],"crucial":[302],"decision-making":[303],"system":[304],"healthcare":[306],"professionals.":[307],"SOURCE":[308],"CODE:":[309],"All":[310],"source":[311],"codes":[312],"made":[314],"at:":[317],"https://github.com/mkfzdmr/COVID-19-ECG-Classification.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}