{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164311865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","title":"Investigating ADR mechanisms with Explainable AI: a feasibility study with knowledge graph mining","display_name":"Investigating ADR mechanisms with Explainable AI: a feasibility study with knowledge graph mining","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164311865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","mag":"3164311865","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34039343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052037564","display_name":"Emmanuel Bresso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Bresso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, Inserm 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Nancy, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, Inserm 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088952442","display_name":"Pierre Monnin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Monnin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange, Belfort, France","Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange, Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068103198","display_name":"C\u00e9dric Bousquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425324","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique M\u00e9dicale et d'Ing\u00e9nierie des Connaissances en e-Sant\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr1v359","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210091279","https://openalex.org/I4389425324"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9dric Bousquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service de sant\u00e9 publique et information m\u00e9dicale, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France","Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service de sant\u00e9 publique et information m\u00e9dicale, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210091279","https://openalex.org/I4389425324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076584845","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois-\u00c9lie Calvier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois-Elie Calvier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service de sant\u00e9 publique et information m\u00e9dicale, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service de sant\u00e9 publique et information m\u00e9dicale, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108083050","display_name":"Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152275","display_name":"Nutrition-G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux","ror":"https://ror.org/053d03003","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4387152275","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ndeye-Coumba Ndiaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 - NGERE, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 - NGERE, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4387152275","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049729871","display_name":"Nadine Petitpain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-3178"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Petitpain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre R\u00e9gional de Pharmacovigilance, CHRU of Nancy, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre R\u00e9gional de Pharmacovigilance, CHRU of Nancy, Nancy, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065253427","display_name":"Malika Sma\u00efl\u2010Tabbone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-2117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malika Sma\u00efl-Tabbone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082641159","display_name":"Adrien Coulet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-062X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092322","display_name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmms154","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrien Coulet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","Inria Paris, Paris, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-062X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Paris, Paris, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France. adrien.coulet@inria.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210121838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082641159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210092322","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":1990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2146},"fwci":2.1184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85572139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.7414000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.7414000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.05050000175833702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacovigilance","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance","score":0.7005389928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-reaction","display_name":"Drug reaction","score":0.6060879826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6025493144989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.492933988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.461118221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.45045074820518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.4169737696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4019619822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3943255543708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38391217589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3764769434928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35184764862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.15003889799118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1276320219039917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57658597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550789","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance","level":3,"score":0.7005389928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993432071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45959","display_name":"Drug reaction","level":3,"score":0.6060879826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6025493144989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.492933988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.461118221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.45045074820518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4169737696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4019619822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3943255543708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38391217589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3764769434928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35184764862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.15003889799118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1276320219039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016907","descriptor_name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016907","descriptor_name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016907","descriptor_name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34039343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34039343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03240476v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03240476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2021, 21 (1), pp.171. &#x27E8;10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03754898v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03754898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JOBIM 2022 - Journ\u00e9es Ouvertes en Biologie, Informatique et Math\u00e9matiques","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54ff280258a0420e90d996ad964ff1c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54ff280258a0420e90d996ad964ff1c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8157660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8157660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01518-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2032972496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15-RHUS-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3776455082","display_name":"Practice-based evidences for actioning Knowledge in Pharmacogenomics","funder_award_id":"ANR-15-CE23-0028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622507228","display_name":"Combattre l'insuffisance cardiaque","funder_award_id":"ANR-15-RHUS-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164311865.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164311865.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77424789","https://openalex.org/W229800277","https://openalex.org/W1582964678","https://openalex.org/W1597082186","https://openalex.org/W1670263352","https://openalex.org/W1671827391","https://openalex.org/W1689688298","https://openalex.org/W1860058048","https://openalex.org/W1971008225","https://openalex.org/W1982438076","https://openalex.org/W1989986729","https://openalex.org/W2014983717","https://openalex.org/W2019543926","https://openalex.org/W2052522161","https://openalex.org/W2077450748","https://openalex.org/W2087159174","https://openalex.org/W2102937034","https://openalex.org/W2134537227","https://openalex.org/W2151070626","https://openalex.org/W2159170056","https://openalex.org/W2173145736","https://openalex.org/W2233554446","https://openalex.org/W2289901683","https://openalex.org/W2339329611","https://openalex.org/W2382298227","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2536598862","https://openalex.org/W2546666099","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2605051670","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2737043248","https://openalex.org/W2746873727","https://openalex.org/W2769065924","https://openalex.org/W2933602294","https://openalex.org/W2953176424","https://openalex.org/W2966266734","https://openalex.org/W2970119293","https://openalex.org/W2971013445","https://openalex.org/W2972317931","https://openalex.org/W2973213948","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2990831699","https://openalex.org/W2996986275","https://openalex.org/W3048499251","https://openalex.org/W4233620036","https://openalex.org/W4239696231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018021083","https://openalex.org/W2333095586","https://openalex.org/W2168061126","https://openalex.org/W4250277692","https://openalex.org/W2521950182","https://openalex.org/W1591489135","https://openalex.org/W13687373","https://openalex.org/W2065768077","https://openalex.org/W2026160434","https://openalex.org/W2947465309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Adverse":[1],"drug":[2,38,49,68,217],"reactions":[3,195],"(ADRs)":[4],"are":[5,34,51,202,271,307],"statistically":[6],"characterized":[7],"within":[8],"randomized":[9],"clinical":[10,42],"trials":[11],"and":[12,131,191,209,222,251,256,264,276,279,285,299],"postmarketing":[13],"pharmacovigilance,":[14],"but":[15,144],"their":[16,59],"molecular":[17,152],"mechanism":[18],"remains":[19],"unknown":[20],"in":[21,53,64,87,205,227],"most":[22,268,318],"cases.":[23],"This":[24],"is":[25],"true":[26],"even":[27],"for":[28,78,94,111,151,164,249,274,283,311,326],"hepatic":[29],"or":[30,62,76,109,180,219,247,309],"skin":[31],"toxicities,":[32],"which":[33,139],"classically":[35],"monitored":[36,185],"during":[37],"design.":[39],"Aside":[40],"from":[41],"trials,":[43],"many":[44],"elements":[45,148],"of":[46,115,149,175,244,266,287],"knowledge":[47,55,92,162],"about":[48],"ingredients":[50],"available":[52],"open-access":[54],"graphs,":[56],"such":[57,127],"as":[58,73,128],"properties,":[60],"interactions,":[61],"involvements":[63],"pathways.":[65],"In":[66,117,156,313],"addition,":[67],"classifications":[69,104,208,243],"that":[70,98,105,201,262,306],"label":[71],"drugs":[72,107,178,245,305],"either":[74],"causative":[75,108,246,308],"not":[77,110,181,248,310],"several":[79],"ADRs,":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"established.":[83],"METHODS:":[84],"We":[85],"propose":[86],"this":[88],"paper":[89],"to":[90,296,302,315,322],"mine":[91,160],"graphs":[93,291],"identifying":[95],"biomolecular":[96],"features":[97,200,237,270,295,320],"may":[99,145,232],"enable":[100,297],"automatically":[101],"reproducing":[102,206],"expert":[103,207],"distinguish":[106,303],"a":[112,161,228,240],"given":[113],"type":[114],"ADR.":[116],"an":[118],"Explainable":[119],"AI":[120],"perspective,":[121],"we":[122,159,167,198,224],"explore":[123],"simple":[124,298],"classification":[125,142],"techniques":[126],"Decision":[129],"Trees":[130],"Classification":[132],"Rules":[133],"because":[134],"they":[135,231],"provide":[136,147,292],"human-readable":[137],"models,":[138],"explain":[140],"the":[141,173,267],"itself,":[143],"also":[146],"explanation":[150],"mechanisms":[153,329],"behind":[154],"ADRs.":[155,312],"summary,":[157],"(1)":[158],"graph":[163],"features;":[165],"(2)":[166],"train":[168],"classifiers":[169],"at":[170],"distinguishing,":[171],"on":[172],"basis":[174],"extracted":[176],"features,":[177],"associated":[179],"with":[182,239],"two":[183],"commonly":[184],"ADRs:":[186],"drug-induced":[187],"liver":[188],"injuries":[189],"(DILI)":[190],"severe":[192],"cutaneous":[193],"adverse":[194],"(SCAR);":[196],"(3)":[197],"isolate":[199],"both":[203],"efficient":[204],"interpretable":[210],"by":[211],"experts":[212],"(i.e.,":[213],"Gene":[214],"Ontology":[215],"terms,":[216],"targets,":[218],"pathway":[220],"names);":[221],"(4)":[223],"manually":[225],"evaluate":[226],"mini-study":[229],"how":[230],"be":[233,323],"explanatory.":[234],"RESULTS:":[235],"Extracted":[236],"reproduce":[238],"good":[241,324],"fidelity":[242],"DILI":[250,275],"SCAR":[252],"(Accuracy":[253],"=":[254],"0.74":[255],"0.81,":[257],"respectively).":[258],"Experts":[259],"fully":[260],"agreed":[261,281],"73%":[263],"38%":[265],"discriminative":[269,319],"possibly":[272],"explanatory":[273],"SCAR,":[277],"respectively;":[278],"partially":[280],"(2/3)":[282],"90%":[284],"77%":[286],"them.":[288],"CONCLUSION:":[289],"Knowledge":[290],"sufficiently":[293],"diverse":[294],"explainable":[300],"models":[301],"between":[304],"addition":[314],"explaining":[316],"classifications,":[317],"appear":[321],"candidates":[325],"investigating":[327],"ADR":[328],"further.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
