{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3141587764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","title":"The prediction of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis with electronic health records: a comparative study of six machine learning models","display_name":"The prediction of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis with electronic health records: a comparative study of six machine learning models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3141587764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","mag":"3141587764","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33820531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009336243","display_name":"Jiaxin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2883-9946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010790887","display_name":"Mengying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-2921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112264003","display_name":"Jian Chao Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067547680","display_name":"Shusen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061478390","display_name":"Jinming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-3845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010809712","display_name":"Qingling Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingling Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376190","display_name":"Xiaodong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-5817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021395768","display_name":"Shuang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-7199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049826357","display_name":"Huiyang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-8324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002956584","display_name":"Yuxuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-8818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079137169","display_name":"Shuyin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031415679","display_name":"Meijuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-5349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meijuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004033178","display_name":"Xi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-6484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391022","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-9133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022826484","display_name":"Shuqin Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuqin Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. sqzhan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn","Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. sqzhan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022826484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":4.5002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94756025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.24950000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.24950000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.21369999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.13259999454021454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic","display_name":"Asymptomatic","score":0.7462644577026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6966961622238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.6278935074806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6092120409011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5978255271911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5861560106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5022618770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4883849024772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.4545029103755951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4415067434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.4201522767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27596545219421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.1969432532787323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.7462644577026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6966961622238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6278935074806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6092120409011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5978255271911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5861560106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5022618770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4883849024772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4545029103755951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4415067434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.4201522767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27596545219421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.1969432532787323}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002340","descriptor_name":"Carotid Artery Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33820531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33820531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c732beb1e5234b96b8c5ef0fab7e7513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c732beb1e5234b96b8c5ef0fab7e7513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8020544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8020544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-021-01480-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1564405009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009-95","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1782819212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1977710882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2879404750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4151480474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xjj2014153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4284774930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xjj2014153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5022782539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81070999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G524453276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016SF-020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8043461361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009-95","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8167212682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8431990536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RC(GG)201109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141587764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141587764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876046294","https://openalex.org/W1975990737","https://openalex.org/W1992116297","https://openalex.org/W2005049057","https://openalex.org/W2019665286","https://openalex.org/W2055332349","https://openalex.org/W2058540706","https://openalex.org/W2064296571","https://openalex.org/W2069388901","https://openalex.org/W2083983285","https://openalex.org/W2116926348","https://openalex.org/W2154532030","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2254050631","https://openalex.org/W2473152724","https://openalex.org/W2509730946","https://openalex.org/W2547926466","https://openalex.org/W2664267452","https://openalex.org/W2792070156","https://openalex.org/W2799123729","https://openalex.org/W2883545786","https://openalex.org/W2885531215","https://openalex.org/W2888049860","https://openalex.org/W2893462288","https://openalex.org/W2906785117","https://openalex.org/W2921936888","https://openalex.org/W2949766390","https://openalex.org/W2951139417","https://openalex.org/W2952147341","https://openalex.org/W2955095010","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W2976398475","https://openalex.org/W2979429529","https://openalex.org/W2989341121","https://openalex.org/W3005372318","https://openalex.org/W3018959556","https://openalex.org/W3037405958","https://openalex.org/W3093758045","https://openalex.org/W3097888422","https://openalex.org/W3112027083","https://openalex.org/W3128834636","https://openalex.org/W3130904866","https://openalex.org/W4237718980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367336074","https://openalex.org/W3154045278","https://openalex.org/W4379620016","https://openalex.org/W4393666307","https://openalex.org/W3210764983","https://openalex.org/W4393443811","https://openalex.org/W4367335949","https://openalex.org/W3089416646","https://openalex.org/W4380048833","https://openalex.org/W4393601998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Screening":[1],"carotid":[2,14],"B-mode":[3],"ultrasonography":[4],"is":[5,28],"a":[6,43,50,75,278],"frequently":[7],"used":[8,131],"method":[9,80],"to":[10,18,46,81,101,132,170,286,289],"detect":[11],"subjects":[12,96],"with":[13,74,166],"atherosclerosis":[15],"(CAS).":[16],"Due":[17],"the":[19,55,65,143,146,160,179,247,251,269],"asymptomatic":[20,83,134,167,264],"progression":[21],"of":[22,61,69,93,142,250,282],"most":[23],"CAS":[24,135,283],"patients,":[25],"early":[26,273],"identification":[27],"challenging":[29],"for":[30,52,271],"clinicians,":[31],"and":[32,49,64,78,126,136,154,176,190,198,206,214,217,223,236],"it":[33],"may":[34],"trigger":[35],"ischemic":[36],"stroke.":[37],"Recently,":[38],"machine":[39,62,106,255],"learning":[40,63,107,256],"has":[41],"shown":[42],"strong":[44],"ability":[45,249],"classify":[47],"data":[48,92],"potential":[51],"prediction":[53],"in":[54,140,262],"medical":[56,94],"field.":[57],"The":[58,226],"combined":[59],"use":[60],"electronic":[66],"health":[67],"records":[68],"patients":[70],"could":[71],"provide":[72],"clinicians":[73],"more":[76,279],"convenient":[77],"precise":[79,280],"identify":[82],"CAS.":[84,168,265],"METHODS:":[85],"Retrospective":[86],"cohort":[87],"study":[88],"using":[89],"routine":[90],"clinical":[91],"check-up":[95],"from":[97],"April":[98],"19,":[99],"2010":[100],"November":[102],"15,":[103],"2019.":[104],"Six":[105],"models":[108,182],"(logistic":[109],"regression":[110],"[LR],":[111],"random":[112],"forest":[113],"[RF],":[114],"decision":[115],"tree":[116],"[DT],":[117],"eXtreme":[118],"Gradient":[119],"Boosting":[120],"[XGB],":[121],"Gaussian":[122],"Na\u00efve":[123],"Bayes":[124],"[GNB],":[125],"K-Nearest":[127],"Neighbour":[128],"[KNN])":[129],"were":[130,164],"predict":[133],"compared":[137],"their":[138],"predictability":[139],"terms":[141],"area":[144],"under":[145],"receiver":[147],"operating":[148],"characteristic":[149],"curve":[150],"(AUCROC),":[151],"accuracy":[152],"(ACC),":[153],"F1":[155,177],"score":[156],"(F1).":[157],"RESULTS:":[158],"Of":[159],"18,441":[161],"subjects,":[162],"6553":[163],"diagnosed":[165],"Compared":[169],"DT":[171],"(AUCROC":[172],"0.628,":[173],"ACC":[174],"65.4%,":[175],"52.5%),":[178],"other":[180],"five":[181],"improved":[183],"prediction:":[184],"KNN":[185],"+":[186,194,202,210,219],"7.6%":[187],"(0.704,":[188],"68.8%,":[189],"50.9%,":[191],"respectively),":[192,200,208],"GNB":[193],"12.5%":[195],"(0.753,":[196],"67.0%,":[197],"46.8%,":[199],"XGB":[201],"16.0%":[203],"(0.788,":[204],"73.4%,":[205],"55.7%,":[207],"RF":[209],"16.6%":[211],"(0.794,":[212],"74.5%,":[213],"56.8%,":[215],"respectively)":[216],"LR":[218,230,258],"18.1%":[220],"(0.809,":[221],"74.7%,":[222],"59.9%,":[224],"respectively).":[225],"highest":[227],"achieving":[228],"model,":[229],"predicted":[231],"1045/1966":[232],"cases":[233],"(sensitivity":[234],"53.2%)":[235],"3088/3566":[237],"non-cases":[238],"(specificity":[239],"86.6%).":[240],"A":[241],"tenfold":[242],"cross-validation":[243],"scheme":[244],"further":[245],"verified":[246],"predictive":[248],"LR.":[252],"CONCLUSIONS:":[253],"Among":[254],"models,":[257],"showed":[259],"optimal":[260],"performance":[261],"predicting":[263],"Our":[266],"findings":[267],"set":[268],"stage":[270],"an":[272],"automatic":[274],"alarming":[275],"system,":[276],"allowing":[277],"allocation":[281],"prevention":[284],"measures":[285],"individuals":[287],"probably":[288],"benefit":[290],"most.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}