{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109650690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","title":"Explainability for artificial intelligence in healthcare: a multidisciplinary perspective","display_name":"Explainability for artificial intelligence in healthcare: a multidisciplinary perspective","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109650690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","mag":"3109650690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33256715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033075709","display_name":"Julia Amann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julia Amann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. julia.amann@hest.ethz.ch","Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. julia.amann@hest.ethz.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087306590","display_name":"Alessandro Blasimme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Blasimme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069093620","display_name":"Effy Vayena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-5467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Effy Vayena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Ethics and Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Hottingerstrasse 10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083903227","display_name":"Dietmar Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dietmar Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine-CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine\u2014CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine-CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine\u2014CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034493341","display_name":"Vince I. Madai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vince I. Madai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine-CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","School of Computing and Digital Technology, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charit\u00e9 Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine-CLAIM, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technology, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033075709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1714,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1848},"fwci":36.3377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1749,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.998998,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"310","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5583000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5583000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.35269999504089355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6074410080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beneficence","display_name":"Beneficence","score":0.5791484713554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5596976280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.5446393489837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-approach","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","score":0.49903416633605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4837789237499237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"Bioethics","score":0.47989070415496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.47517719864845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4681563377380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39211541414260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.33381515741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3294222950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25435465574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15437838435173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13069799542427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11459016799926758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6074410080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117438556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4887413","display_name":"Beneficence","level":3,"score":0.5791484713554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5596976280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5446393489837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.49903416633605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4837789237499237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.47989070415496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.47517719864845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4681563377380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39211541414260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33381515741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3294222950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25435465574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15437838435173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13069799542427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11459016799926758}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33256715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33256715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8bfd177b1544ca1a7a4841c203da287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8bfd177b1544ca1a7a4841c203da287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7706019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7706019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/453945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/453945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000453945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000453945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G110260265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"777107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4919911395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 777107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109650690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109650690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1943745580","https://openalex.org/W2028770837","https://openalex.org/W2041607960","https://openalex.org/W2049487316","https://openalex.org/W2104433218","https://openalex.org/W2107828364","https://openalex.org/W2138402220","https://openalex.org/W2417987369","https://openalex.org/W2533540300","https://openalex.org/W2605253636","https://openalex.org/W2621154582","https://openalex.org/W2762968537","https://openalex.org/W2796354332","https://openalex.org/W2811374795","https://openalex.org/W2892567365","https://openalex.org/W2896560148","https://openalex.org/W2897445325","https://openalex.org/W2899876413","https://openalex.org/W2899921784","https://openalex.org/W2901194671","https://openalex.org/W2905810301","https://openalex.org/W2915292867","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2944218525","https://openalex.org/W2944309093","https://openalex.org/W2944622782","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2967707981","https://openalex.org/W2981817161","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2982905111","https://openalex.org/W2985543011","https://openalex.org/W2990705179","https://openalex.org/W2991542819","https://openalex.org/W2996473744","https://openalex.org/W2999885075","https://openalex.org/W3000576676","https://openalex.org/W3000716014","https://openalex.org/W3012234327","https://openalex.org/W3012810655","https://openalex.org/W3013443134","https://openalex.org/W3018610833","https://openalex.org/W3023524633","https://openalex.org/W3024802804","https://openalex.org/W3100711616","https://openalex.org/W3103520731","https://openalex.org/W3137879854","https://openalex.org/W3163389956","https://openalex.org/W7019640536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022213102","https://openalex.org/W2073744174","https://openalex.org/W23784916","https://openalex.org/W2155102975","https://openalex.org/W1547401580","https://openalex.org/W26584305","https://openalex.org/W2954256433","https://openalex.org/W1967980472","https://openalex.org/W2154104845","https://openalex.org/W4379522057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Explainability":[1],"is":[2,46,223,312],"one":[3],"of":[4,16,38,57,74,77,87,94,121,138,151,178,185,197,206,261,327],"the":[5,14,36,75,92,119,127,136,149,169,179,195,203,232,253,259,263,323],"most":[6],"heavily":[7],"debated":[8],"topics":[9],"when":[10],"it":[11,53,217],"comes":[12],"to":[13,29,41,117,167,210,284,308,315,322,334],"application":[15],"artificial":[17],"intelligence":[18],"(AI)":[19],"in":[20,32,79,110,173,199,214,276,288,330],"healthcare.":[21],"Even":[22],"though":[23],"AI-driven":[24,95],"systems":[25,106,280],"have":[26,292],"been":[27],"shown":[28],"outperform":[30],"humans":[31],"certain":[33],"analytical":[34,165],"tasks,":[35],"lack":[37],"explainability":[39,45,78,89,122,172,198,208,275],"continues":[40],"spark":[42],"criticism.":[43],"Yet,":[44],"not":[47],"a":[48,55,71,108,114,182,226,282,313],"purely":[49],"technological":[50,204],"issue,":[51],"instead":[52],"invokes":[54],"host":[56],"medical,":[58,130],"legal,":[59,129],"ethical,":[60],"and":[61,82,131,156,161,188,221,240,245,255,268,290,297,320,325,333],"societal":[62],"questions":[63],"that":[64,190,273,303],"require":[65],"thorough":[66],"exploration.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"provides":[70],"comprehensive":[72],"assessment":[73,147],"role":[76,196],"medical":[80,124,174,243,254,269,304,331],"AI":[81,125,305,332],"makes":[83],"an":[84,145,164],"ethical":[85,146,286],"evaluation":[86],"what":[88,222],"means":[90],"for":[91,123,171,193,250,295],"adoption":[93],"tools":[96],"into":[97],"clinical":[98,103,200,277],"practice.":[99,201],"METHODS:":[100],"Taking":[101],"AI-based":[102],"decision":[104,278],"support":[105,279],"as":[107,163,242,247],"case":[109],"point,":[111],"we":[112,142,235],"adopted":[113],"multidisciplinary":[115,336],"approach":[116],"analyze":[118],"relevance":[120],"from":[126,225],"technological,":[128],"patient":[132,256],"perspectives.":[133],"Drawing":[134],"on":[135],"findings":[137],"this":[139],"conceptual":[140],"analysis,":[141],"then":[143],"conducted":[144],"using":[148],"\"Principles":[150],"Biomedical":[152],"Ethics\"":[153],"by":[154],"Beauchamp":[155],"Childress":[157],"(autonomy,":[158],"beneficence,":[159],"nonmaleficence,":[160],"justice)":[162],"framework":[166],"determine":[168],"need":[170,314],"AI.":[175,270],"RESULTS:":[176],"Each":[177],"domains":[180],"highlights":[181],"different":[183],"set":[184],"core":[186,248,285],"considerations":[187],"values":[189,287],"are":[191],"relevant":[192],"understanding":[194],"From":[202],"point":[205],"view,":[207],"has":[209],"be":[211,219],"considered":[212],"both":[213],"terms":[215],"how":[216],"can":[218],"achieved":[220],"beneficial":[224],"development":[227],"perspective.":[228],"When":[229],"looking":[230],"at":[231],"legal":[233],"perspective":[234],"identified":[236],"informed":[237],"consent,":[238],"certification":[239],"approval":[241],"devices,":[244],"liability":[246],"touchpoints":[249],"explainability.":[251],"Both":[252],"perspectives":[257],"emphasize":[258],"importance":[260],"considering":[262],"interplay":[264],"between":[265],"human":[266],"actors":[267],"We":[271],"conclude":[272],"omitting":[274],"poses":[281],"threat":[283],"medicine":[289],"may":[291],"detrimental":[293],"consequences":[294],"individual":[296],"public":[298],"health.":[299],"CONCLUSIONS:":[300],"To":[301],"ensure":[302],"lives":[306],"up":[307],"its":[309],"promises,":[310],"there":[311],"sensitize":[316],"developers,":[317],"healthcare":[318],"professionals,":[319],"legislators":[321],"challenges":[324],"limitations":[326],"opaque":[328],"algorithms":[329],"foster":[335],"collaboration":[337],"moving":[338],"forward.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":208},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":536},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":426},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":332},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":71}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
