{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2938849667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","title":"An ontological framework for the formalization, organization and usage of TCM-Knowledge","display_name":"An ontological framework for the formalization, organization and usage of TCM-Knowledge","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2938849667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","mag":"2938849667","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040360009","display_name":"Hai Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082029796","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141683","display_name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/042pgcv68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. zhuyan166@126.com","Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. zhuyan166@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433","https://openalex.org/I4210141683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101036059","display_name":"Lirong Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lirong Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103074750","display_name":"Bo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-5158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119272186","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450891","display_name":"Lihong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020087024","display_name":"Heinrich Herre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-9218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinrich Herre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. heinrich.herre@imise.uni-leipzig.de","Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. heinrich.herre@imise.uni-leipzig.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082029796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433","https://openalex.org/I4210141683"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.2893,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79634483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"S2","first_page":"53","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7458000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7458000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.08169999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8142303228378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.6738736033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.638711154460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5920252203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5388962626457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5166640281677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4905981123447418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.47976335883140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46804213523864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.41709595918655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34041646122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09045776724815369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8142303228378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6738736033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.638711154460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5920252203941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5388962626457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5166640281677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4905981123447418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.47976335883140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46804213523864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.41709595918655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34041646122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09045776724815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008516","descriptor_name":"Medicine, Chinese Traditional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008516","descriptor_name":"Medicine, Chinese Traditional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008516","descriptor_name":"Medicine, Chinese Traditional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051188","descriptor_name":"Knowledge Bases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30961578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:826ffd3c833a45538265db7e9cc29059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/826ffd3c833a45538265db7e9cc29059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 19, Iss S2, Pp 79-89 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6454592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6454592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-019-0760-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2938849667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2938849667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102398446","https://openalex.org/W607121710","https://openalex.org/W1977126651","https://openalex.org/W1978246972","https://openalex.org/W1978636157","https://openalex.org/W2015232347","https://openalex.org/W2089579615","https://openalex.org/W2091933796","https://openalex.org/W2385666864","https://openalex.org/W2738725692","https://openalex.org/W2760416844","https://openalex.org/W2779632647","https://openalex.org/W2786157846","https://openalex.org/W4210822710","https://openalex.org/W4242358680","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4312663622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390249510","https://openalex.org/W2389049429","https://openalex.org/W3031493161","https://openalex.org/W4407837198","https://openalex.org/W2350181254","https://openalex.org/W2346373303","https://openalex.org/W2405923535","https://openalex.org/W2387710870","https://openalex.org/W1511848092","https://openalex.org/W1708042184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,251],"traditional":[2,60,266,300],"Chinese":[3,24,61,301],"Medicine":[4,25,62],"Language":[5],"System":[6],"(TCMLS)":[7],"is":[8,86,156,239,253,261,276],"a":[9,87,146,151,179,208,225,229,234,256,306,312],"large-scale":[10],"terminology":[11,64,268,273],"system,":[12],"developed":[13],"from":[14],"2002":[15],"on":[16,127,158],"by":[17],"the":[18,55,100,110,123,159,168,176,182,265,297],"Institute":[19],"of":[20,22,59,82,90,96,109,136,138,178,181,195,299],"Information":[21],"Traditional":[23],"(IITCM).":[26],"Until":[27],"now,":[28],"more":[29,230],"than":[30],"120,000":[31],"concepts,":[32,173],"300,000":[33],"terms":[34,97],"and":[35,57,70,134,200,218,243,248,270,308,316],"1.27":[36],"million":[37],"semantic":[38,139,198,236,291,315],"relational":[39],"links":[40],"are":[41,283],"included.":[42],"Its":[43],"top-level":[44],"framework,":[45],"called":[46,185],"TCMLS-semantic":[47],"network":[48],"(SN),":[49],"provides":[50,305],"an":[51,106],"important":[52],"basis":[53],"for":[54,77,149,212,285,310],"standardization":[56],"mapping":[58,226],"(TCM)":[63],"systems.":[65],"Though,":[66],"many":[67],"data":[68,111],"produced":[69],"stored":[71,112],"in":[72,99,113,115,141,296],"TCMLS":[73,114,213],"have":[74],"poor":[75],"quality":[76],"historical":[78],"reasons":[79],"or":[80,93],"because":[81],"human":[83],"factors.":[84],"There":[85],"large":[88],"number":[89],"classification":[91,132],"errors":[92,133],"inconsistent":[94],"expressions":[95,140],"remained":[98],"current":[101,183],"TCMLS-":[102],"SN,":[103],"which":[104,155,214,227,282],"hamper":[105],"efficient":[107],"utilization":[108],"practical":[116],"applications.":[117],"METHODS:":[118],"We":[119,206],"start":[120],"with":[121,144,170,190,233,263],"analyzing":[122],"technical":[124],"specification":[125],"based":[126,157],"TCMLS,":[128],"considering":[129],"some":[130,197],"obvious":[131],"problems":[135],"ambiguity":[137],"TCMLS-SN,":[142,184,191],"followed":[143],"using":[145],"top-down":[147],"approach":[148],"building":[150,311],"middle":[152,209],"level":[153,210],"ontology":[154,211,259],"framework":[160,232],"General":[161],"Formal":[162],"Ontology":[163],"(GFO),":[164],"take":[165],"into":[166],"account":[167],"compatibility":[169],"TCM":[171],"related":[172],"turn":[174],"out":[175,224],"results":[177],"modification":[180],"GFO-TCM.":[186,205],"RESULTS:":[187],"Through":[188],"comparison":[189],"according":[192],"to":[193,254,278],"viewpoints":[194],"GFO,":[196],"types":[199],"relations":[201],"were":[202],"reconstructed":[203],"within":[204],"propose":[207],"may":[215],"support":[216,295],"entailment":[217],"ensure":[219],"coherence,":[220],"we":[221],"also":[222,304],"draw":[223],"possess":[228],"reasonable":[231],"unified":[235,314],"criterion,":[237],"it":[238,275],"application":[240],"scenarios":[241],"oriented":[242],"can":[244],"be":[245],"further":[246],"updated":[247],"extended.":[249],"CONCLUSIONS:":[250],"goal":[252],"construct":[255],"formal":[257],"middle-level":[258],"that":[260],"compatible":[262],"both":[264],"medical":[267,272],"system":[269],"modern":[271],"standards.":[274],"intended":[277],"satisfy":[279],"functional":[280],"requirements":[281],"relevant":[284],"natural":[286],"language":[287],"processing,":[288],"information":[289],"extraction,":[290],"retrieval,":[292],"clinical":[293],"decision":[294],"field":[298],"medicine.":[302],"It":[303],"foundation":[307],"methodology":[309],"large-scale,":[313],"extensible":[317],"knowledge":[318],"graph":[319],"platform.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}