{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781237532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","title":"Visualizing nationwide variation in medicare Part D prescribing patterns","display_name":"Visualizing nationwide variation in medicare Part D prescribing patterns","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781237532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","mag":"2781237532","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30454029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113577965","display_name":"Alexander F. Rosenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","University of Alabama Birmingham, D\u00fcsternbrooker Weg 20, Birmingham, 14642, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama Birmingham, D\u00fcsternbrooker Weg 20, Birmingham, 14642, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036772888","display_name":"Christopher Fucile","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Fucile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","University of Alabama Birmingham, D\u00fcsternbrooker Weg 20, Birmingham, 14642, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama Birmingham, D\u00fcsternbrooker Weg 20, Birmingham, 14642, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061822893","display_name":"Robert J. White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021972090","display_name":"Melissa Trayhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2726-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Trayhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015397948","display_name":"Samir Farooq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058953613","display_name":"Caroline M. Quill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline M. Quill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059520777","display_name":"Lisa Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-9033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa A. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Pharmacy, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Pharmacy, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059119952","display_name":"Samuel J. Weisenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-1836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel J. Weisenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109855814","display_name":"Kristen Bush","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen Bush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076140837","display_name":"Martin S. Zand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-8682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin S. Zand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-8682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Center for Health Informatics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd - 1.207, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA. martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076140837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":1.812,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86874133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.18780000507831573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.18780000507831573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.11379999667406082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.10379999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialty","display_name":"Specialty","score":0.6196944713592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-prescription","display_name":"Medical prescription","score":0.5838096737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5832733511924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.5550230741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.50235915184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4882652759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.47256842255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3806121349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.349276065826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3334903120994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30399608612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.30051398277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.16426876187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13938778638839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.11984270811080933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.6196944713592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.5838096737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5832733511924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.5550230741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.50235915184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4882652759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.47256842255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3806121349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.349276065826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3334903120994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30399608612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.30051398277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.16426876187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13938778638839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.11984270811080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078326","descriptor_name":"Data Visualization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078326","descriptor_name":"Data Visualization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078326","descriptor_name":"Data Visualization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078326","descriptor_name":"Data Visualization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054524","descriptor_name":"Medicare Part D","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054524","descriptor_name":"Medicare Part D","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054524","descriptor_name":"Medicare Part D","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054524","descriptor_name":"Medicare Part D","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30454029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30454029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82fbd50c5b40484b8655af606dffdc31","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82fbd50c5b40484b8655af606dffdc31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5218672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6245567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-018-0670-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2488334667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TL1TR002000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3497421373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR000042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G454401159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AI098112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5451574347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 TR001625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823724872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TL1 TR002000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","funder_display_name":"University of Rochester"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5914153171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KL2 TR001999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","funder_display_name":"University of Rochester"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6745099082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AI069351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8390411406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR000042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","funder_display_name":"University of Rochester"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781237532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781237532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150287326","https://openalex.org/W156342259","https://openalex.org/W1016281291","https://openalex.org/W1498710310","https://openalex.org/W1514552328","https://openalex.org/W1518862265","https://openalex.org/W1565376005","https://openalex.org/W1569986363","https://openalex.org/W1706875957","https://openalex.org/W1818621558","https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1929719623","https://openalex.org/W1965032780","https://openalex.org/W1965434221","https://openalex.org/W1968533125","https://openalex.org/W1972918001","https://openalex.org/W1973006563","https://openalex.org/W1981680864","https://openalex.org/W1990063233","https://openalex.org/W1992612551","https://openalex.org/W1997816453","https://openalex.org/W1998043752","https://openalex.org/W2004478570","https://openalex.org/W2010866741","https://openalex.org/W2011414747","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2019535771","https://openalex.org/W2040520755","https://openalex.org/W2043554201","https://openalex.org/W2063414332","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2071756091","https://openalex.org/W2073288312","https://openalex.org/W2073966210","https://openalex.org/W2077356748","https://openalex.org/W2081851888","https://openalex.org/W2087163299","https://openalex.org/W2099451467","https://openalex.org/W2100612564","https://openalex.org/W2101866620","https://openalex.org/W2104006906","https://openalex.org/W2107415250","https://openalex.org/W2109373408","https://openalex.org/W2112224044","https://openalex.org/W2113336525","https://openalex.org/W2113503802","https://openalex.org/W2116311430","https://openalex.org/W2122019985","https://openalex.org/W2130555104","https://openalex.org/W2133862671","https://openalex.org/W2136324740","https://openalex.org/W2141441962","https://openalex.org/W2145580080","https://openalex.org/W2146557323","https://openalex.org/W2146717634","https://openalex.org/W2155877805","https://openalex.org/W2160399239","https://openalex.org/W2160862999","https://openalex.org/W2163248430","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2187548599","https://openalex.org/W2196405196","https://openalex.org/W2198452944","https://openalex.org/W2320726775","https://openalex.org/W2327309127","https://openalex.org/W2331388046","https://openalex.org/W2342493666","https://openalex.org/W2342855619","https://openalex.org/W2343147190","https://openalex.org/W2347049117","https://openalex.org/W2430677167","https://openalex.org/W2513403311","https://openalex.org/W2514101360","https://openalex.org/W2530976429","https://openalex.org/W2550329729","https://openalex.org/W2626133179","https://openalex.org/W2739329039","https://openalex.org/W3080643045","https://openalex.org/W4251391706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212929323","https://openalex.org/W2045046253","https://openalex.org/W2000995042","https://openalex.org/W2494740635","https://openalex.org/W1632599465","https://openalex.org/W3177269507","https://openalex.org/W1563545158","https://openalex.org/W2091545482","https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2379499532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"To":[1],"characterize":[2],"the":[3,12,92,104],"regional":[4,35,147],"and":[5,33,36,45,72,126,143,175,183,204,208,219,229],"national":[6,37,192],"variation":[7,41,185,201],"in":[8,11,97,149,186],"prescribing":[9,39,61,70,89,133,150,157,188,200],"patterns":[10,62,134,158,189],"Medicare":[13,26,81,95,107],"Part":[14,27,82,108],"D":[15,28,83,109],"program":[16],"using":[17],"dimensional":[18,51],"reduction":[19,52],"visualization":[20,128,177],"methods.":[21],"METHODS:":[22],"Using":[23],"publicly":[24],"available":[25],"claims":[29,121],"data,":[30],"we":[31,55],"identified":[32],"visualized":[34],"provider":[38,187],"profile":[40],"with":[42,103,117,145],"unsupervised":[43,172],"clustering":[44,125],"t-distributed":[46],"stochastic":[47],"neighbor":[48],"embedding":[49],"(t-SNE)":[50],"techniques.":[53],"Additionally,":[54],"examined":[56],"differences":[57],"between":[58,203,209],"regionally":[59],"representative":[60],"for":[63,115,225],"major":[64,164,210],"metropolitan":[65,153,211],"areas.":[66,212],"RESULTS:":[67],"Distributions":[68],"of":[69,94,106,129,196,222],"volume":[71],"medication":[73],"diversity":[74],"were":[75,113],"highly":[76,101],"skewed":[77],"among":[78],"over":[79],"800,000":[80],"providers.":[84],"Medical":[85],"specialties":[86],"had":[87,155],"characteristic":[88],"patterns.":[90,151],"Although":[91],"number":[93,105],"providers":[96,116,137],"each":[98],"state":[99],"was":[100],"correlated":[102],"enrollees,":[110],"some":[111],"states":[112],"enriched":[114],">":[118],"10,000":[119],"prescription":[120],"annually.":[122],"Dimension-reduction,":[123],"hierarchical":[124],"t-SNE":[127,176],"drug-":[130],"or":[131],"drug-class":[132],"revealed":[135],"that":[136,159,171],"cluster":[138],"strongly":[139],"based":[140],"on":[141,190],"specialty":[142],"sub-specialty,":[144],"large":[146],"variations":[148],"Major":[152],"areas":[154],"distinct":[156],"tended":[160],"to":[161,181],"group":[162],"by":[163],"geographical":[165],"divisions.":[166],"CONCLUSIONS:":[167],"This":[168],"work":[169],"demonstrates":[170],"clustering,":[173],"dimension-reduction":[174],"can":[178],"be":[179],"used":[180],"analyze":[182],"visualize":[184],"a":[191],"level":[193],"across":[194],"thousands":[195],"medications,":[197],"revealing":[198],"substantial":[199],"both":[202],"within":[205],"specialties,":[206],"regionally,":[207],"These":[213],"methods":[214],"offer":[215],"an":[216],"alternative":[217],"system-wide":[218],"pattern-centric":[220],"view":[221],"such":[223],"data":[224],"hypothesis":[226],"generation,":[227],"visualization,":[228],"pattern":[230],"identification.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}