{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2727926256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","title":"An active learning-enabled annotation system for clinical named entity recognition","display_name":"An active learning-enabled annotation system for clinical named entity recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2727926256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","mag":"2727926256","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28699546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101672477","display_name":"Yukun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-5847"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pieces Technologies Inc, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pieces Technologies Inc, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073333208","display_name":"Thomas A. Lask","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Lask","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048955398","display_name":"Qiaozhu Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaozhu Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011155701","display_name":"Qingxia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004688014","display_name":"Sungrim Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-3897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungrim Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103727705","display_name":"Jingqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9472-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050331032","display_name":"Ky Minh Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ky Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035743480","display_name":"Tolulola Dawodu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolulola Dawodu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071178113","display_name":"Trevor Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-6697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070908224","display_name":"Joshua C. Denny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-7332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua C. Denny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084072550","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159031","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05cwbxa29","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159031"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. hua.xu@uth.tmc.edu","School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. hua.xu@uth.tmc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159031","https://openalex.org/I919571938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084072550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159031","https://openalex.org/I919571938"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.1807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93179959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"S2","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8736029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8194881081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.6483637094497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5085574388504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.49679186940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.47577038407325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46954306960105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4380110502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4207462668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3931920528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34999340772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.09781137108802795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8736029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8194881081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.6483637094497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5085574388504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49679186940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.47577038407325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46954306960105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4380110502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4207462668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3931920528411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34999340772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.09781137108802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28699546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28699546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5506567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5506567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/137676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65dfbac5dcde4dd19736c0c705952a1f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65dfbac5dcde4dd19736c0c705952a1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 17, Iss S2, Pp 35-44 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-017-0466-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664183492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM010681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8984988633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2R01LM010681-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2727926256.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2727926256.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8550301","https://openalex.org/W96276655","https://openalex.org/W199218251","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1956471287","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2101086247","https://openalex.org/W2102162869","https://openalex.org/W2107435951","https://openalex.org/W2109378394","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2132910334","https://openalex.org/W2163141833","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2171671120","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6675206559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W4377865234","https://openalex.org/W2983934248","https://openalex.org/W1605730749","https://openalex.org/W3093912612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Active":[1],"learning":[2],"(AL)":[3],"has":[4],"shown":[5],"the":[6,11,16,46,63,68,85,105,117,142,154,162,169,181,188],"promising":[7],"potential":[8],"to":[9,66,83,158],"minimize":[10],"annotation":[12,49,92,163,184],"cost":[13],"while":[14],"maximizing":[15],"performance":[17,86],"in":[18,33,37,89,168],"building":[19,95],"statistical":[20],"natural":[21],"language":[22],"processing":[23],"(NLP)":[24],"models.":[25,98],"However,":[26,116],"very":[27],"few":[28],"studies":[29,76],"have":[30],"investigated":[31],"AL":[32,60,70,88,107,111,125,178],"a":[34,58,121],"real-life":[35],"setting":[36],"medical":[38],"domain.":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,81],"study,":[43],"we":[44,72],"developed":[45],"first":[47],"AL-enabled":[48],"system":[50,82,189],"for":[51,94,135],"clinical":[52,96],"named":[53],"entity":[54],"recognition":[55],"(NER)":[56],"with":[57,77,180,190],"novel":[59,69,106],"algorithm.":[61],"Besides":[62],"simulation":[64,101],"study":[65,119],"evaluate":[67],"algorithm,":[71],"further":[73],"conducted":[74],"user":[75,118],"two":[78],"nurses":[79],"using":[80],"assess":[84],"of":[87,146,183,193],"real":[90],"world":[91],"processes":[93],"NER":[97],"RESULTS:":[99],"The":[100],"results":[102],"show":[103],"that":[104,124,141],"algorithm":[108,112],"outperformed":[109],"traditional":[110],"and":[113,186],"random":[114,133],"sampling.":[115],"tells":[120],"different":[122,136],"story":[123],"methods":[126],"did":[127],"not":[128,166],"always":[129],"perform":[130],"better":[131,177],"than":[132],"sampling":[134],"users.":[137,194],"CONCLUSIONS:":[138],"We":[139],"found":[140],"increased":[143,155],"information":[144],"content":[145],"actively":[147],"selected":[148],"sentences":[149],"is":[150],"strongly":[151],"offset":[152],"by":[153],"time":[156,164,185],"required":[157],"annotate":[159],"them.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"was":[165],"considered":[167],"querying":[170],"algorithms.":[171],"Our":[172],"future":[173],"work":[174],"includes":[175],"developing":[176],"algorithms":[179],"estimation":[182],"evaluating":[187],"larger":[191],"number":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2017-07-14T00:00:00"}