{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2264653952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","title":"Modelling and extraction of variability in free-text medication prescriptions from an anonymised primary care electronic medical record research database","display_name":"Modelling and extraction of variability in free-text medication prescriptions from an anonymised primary care electronic medical record research database","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2264653952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","mag":"2264653952","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26860263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088068293","display_name":"George Karystianis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3491-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133995","display_name":"The Christie NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03v9efr22","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133995"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Karystianis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076064470","display_name":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Sheppard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-6528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117448","display_name":"Arthritis UK","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkpm469","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117448"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Therese Sheppard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117448","https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075860605","display_name":"William G Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-4857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117448","display_name":"Arthritis UK","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkpm469","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143902","display_name":"Farr Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0585r9546","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143902"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Health eResearch Centre, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117448","https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Health eResearch Centre, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005912060","display_name":"Goran Nenadi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143902","display_name":"Farr Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0585r9546","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143902"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Goran Nenadic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Health eResearch Centre, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Health eResearch Centre, Manchester, UK. g.nenadic@manchester.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005912060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311","https://openalex.org/I4210143902"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1849,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1994},"fwci":5.6255,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95462084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"18","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.22920000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.22920000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.19329999387264252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.12860000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-prescription","display_name":"Medical prescription","score":0.8935916423797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6311692595481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.564195990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-messaging","display_name":"Text messaging","score":0.4907327890396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.48680993914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.47381654381752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45273417234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.43258464336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1470496654510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13478592038154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10030946135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.08922570943832397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.8935916423797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6311692595481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.564195990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018949938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166101","display_name":"Text messaging","level":2,"score":0.4907327890396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.48680993914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.47381654381752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45273417234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43258464336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1470496654510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13478592038154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10030946135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08922570943832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068240","descriptor_name":"Data Anonymization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068240","descriptor_name":"Data Anonymization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068240","descriptor_name":"Data Anonymization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068240","descriptor_name":"Data Anonymization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008491","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008491","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008491","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008491","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055695","descriptor_name":"Electronic Prescribing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055695","descriptor_name":"Electronic Prescribing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055695","descriptor_name":"Electronic Prescribing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055695","descriptor_name":"Electronic Prescribing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26860263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26860263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/0833526c-e904-4a5b-8ac6-48d29dba5189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/0833526c-e904-4a5b-8ac6-48d29dba5189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Karystianis, G, Sheppard, T, Dixon, W G & Nenadic, G 2016, 'Modelling and extraction of variability in free-text medication prescriptions from an anonymised primary care electronic medical record research database.', BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 16, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4748480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4748480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0833526c-e904-4a5b-8ac6-48d29dba5189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/modelling-and-extraction-of-variability-in-freetext-medication-prescriptions-from-an-anonymised-primary-care-electronic-medical-record-research-database(0833526c-e904-4a5b-8ac6-48d29dba5189).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Karystianis, G, Sheppard, T, Dixon, W G & Nenadic, G 2016, 'Modelling and extraction of variability in free-text medication prescriptions from an anonymised primary care electronic medical record research database.', BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 16, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-016-0255-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3439084528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G0902272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4457955224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/K006665/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7346109562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_13042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320045","display_name":"Arthritis Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03phf2w66"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2264653952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2264653952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W335689588","https://openalex.org/W1545047802","https://openalex.org/W1553529581","https://openalex.org/W1569856620","https://openalex.org/W1573942470","https://openalex.org/W1602694398","https://openalex.org/W1831588861","https://openalex.org/W1871067837","https://openalex.org/W2006642610","https://openalex.org/W2012560661","https://openalex.org/W2013192790","https://openalex.org/W2017267162","https://openalex.org/W2052525903","https://openalex.org/W2060230142","https://openalex.org/W2065016722","https://openalex.org/W2088962877","https://openalex.org/W2107556918","https://openalex.org/W2112382973","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2114668172","https://openalex.org/W2122504306","https://openalex.org/W2125260686","https://openalex.org/W2125726375","https://openalex.org/W2148853271","https://openalex.org/W2150944609","https://openalex.org/W2159636537","https://openalex.org/W2164785151","https://openalex.org/W2167992389","https://openalex.org/W2175225363","https://openalex.org/W2288055910","https://openalex.org/W2586281911","https://openalex.org/W2997000875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361820086","https://openalex.org/W2368224867","https://openalex.org/W3029903131","https://openalex.org/W2341334583","https://openalex.org/W4388487825","https://openalex.org/W2385685139","https://openalex.org/W2358949696","https://openalex.org/W3111030087","https://openalex.org/W3032266754","https://openalex.org/W2038092528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Free-text":[1],"medication":[2,36,105,185],"prescriptions":[3,40,106,167],"contain":[4],"detailed":[5,34],"instruction":[6],"information":[7,37,94,211],"that":[8,59,86,173],"is":[9],"key":[10],"when":[11],"preparing":[12],"drug":[13,78,234],"data":[14,232],"for":[15,65,233],"analysis.":[16],"The":[17,100,136,219],"objective":[18],"of":[19,130,142,204],"this":[20],"study":[21],"was":[22,102],"to":[23,32,90,104,224,228],"develop":[24],"a":[25,56,77,82,127,181,217],"novel":[26],"model":[27,58],"and":[28,41,62,69,74,171,190,214,236,243,247],"automated":[29,202],"text-mining":[30],"method":[31,220],"extract":[33,91],"structured":[35,93],"from":[38,95,107,168],"free-text":[39,97,134],"explore":[42],"their":[43,248],"variability":[44,73,215],"(e.g.":[45],"optional":[46],"dosages)":[47],"in":[48,175,183,239],"primary":[49,110],"care":[50,111],"research":[51],"databases.":[52],"METHODS:":[53],"We":[54,80,121,157],"introduce":[55],"prescription":[57,96,133,147,206,231],"provides":[60,199],"minimum":[61,189],"maximum":[63,191],"values":[64],"dose":[66],"number,":[67],"frequency":[68],"interval,":[70],"allowing":[71],"modelling":[72],"flexibility":[75,213],"within":[76,216],"prescription.":[79,218],"developed":[81],"text":[83,166,208],"mining":[84],"system":[85,101,137],"relies":[87],"on":[88,126],"rules":[89],"such":[92],"dosage":[98],"instructions.":[99],"applied":[103],"an":[108,139,200],"anonymised":[109],"electronic":[112],"record":[113],"database":[114],"(Clinical":[115],"Practice":[116],"Research":[117],"Datalink,":[118],"CPRD).":[119],"RESULTS:":[120],"have":[122],"evaluated":[123],"our":[124],"approach":[125,198],"test":[128,244],"set":[129],"220":[131],"CPRD":[132,169],"directions.":[135],"achieved":[138],"overall":[140],"accuracy":[141,152],"91":[143],"%":[144,151],"at":[145],"the":[146,154,222,230],"level,":[148],"with":[149],"97":[150],"across":[153],"attribute":[155],"levels.":[156],"then":[158],"further":[159],"analysed":[160],"over":[161],"56,000":[162],"most":[163],"common":[164],"free":[165,207],"records":[170],"found":[172],"1":[174],"4":[176],"has":[177],"inherent":[178],"variability,":[179],"i.e.":[180],"choice":[182],"taking":[184],"specified":[186],"by":[187],"different":[188],"doses,":[192],"duration":[193],"or":[194],"frequency.":[195],"CONCLUSIONS:":[196],"Our":[197],"accurate,":[201],"way":[203],"coding":[205],"information,":[209],"including":[210],"about":[212],"allows":[221],"researcher":[223],"decide":[225],"how":[226],"best":[227],"prepare":[229],"efficacy":[235],"safety":[237],"analyses":[238],"any":[240],"given":[241],"setting,":[242],"various":[245],"scenarios":[246],"impact.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
