{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2195399717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","title":"A numerical similarity approach for using retired Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for electronic phenotyping in the Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Health System (SCILHS)","display_name":"A numerical similarity approach for using retired Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for electronic phenotyping in the Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Health System (SCILHS)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2195399717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","mag":"2195399717","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26655696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043881563","display_name":"Jeffrey G. Klann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2043-1601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey G. Klann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA. jeff.klann@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010901153","display_name":"Lori C. Phillips","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lori C. Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083393697","display_name":"Alexander Turchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111520","display_name":"Baim Institute for Clinical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01va8fr66","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111520"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Turchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022956647","display_name":"Sarah R. Weiler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Weiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018662278","display_name":"Kenneth D. Mandl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-0477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth D. Mandl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087242254","display_name":"Shawn N. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-8806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn N. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043881563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06747425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.717199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.717199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.066600002348423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6987459659576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6467881798744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5439456105232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5138678550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.5117778182029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.45547959208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4528721570968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis-code","display_name":"Diagnosis code","score":0.4465378522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.4281364977359772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4236282408237457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38767337799072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3712998032569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.35246139764785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3207932710647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22563433647155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17726486921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1402692198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13217508792877197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6987459659576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6467881798744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5439456105232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5138678550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5117778182029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.45547959208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4528721570968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.4465378522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.4281364977359772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4236282408237457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38767337799072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3712998032569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.35246139764785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3207932710647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22563433647155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17726486921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1402692198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13217508792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039702","descriptor_name":"Current Procedural Terminology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039702","descriptor_name":"Current Procedural Terminology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039702","descriptor_name":"Current Procedural Terminology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26655696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26655696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/23993479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23993479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3653651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4676189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12911-015-0223-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1365692921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"282364.5077585.0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4988555384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CDRN-1306-04608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2195399717.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2195399717.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91108659","https://openalex.org/W167982605","https://openalex.org/W170714584","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1658342862","https://openalex.org/W1808652302","https://openalex.org/W2074931707","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2104608657","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2119847144","https://openalex.org/W2121382432","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2123152121","https://openalex.org/W2135589624","https://openalex.org/W2147818521","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2161554615","https://openalex.org/W2167579355","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2572032925","https://openalex.org/W4238290165","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039735462","https://openalex.org/W2951665393","https://openalex.org/W4297803142","https://openalex.org/W2770499767","https://openalex.org/W2295806952","https://openalex.org/W2293521960","https://openalex.org/W172101468","https://openalex.org/W131864321","https://openalex.org/W1577171817","https://openalex.org/W2965745812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Interoperable":[1],"phenotyping":[2,221,328],"algorithms,":[3],"needed":[4],"to":[5,45,67,338],"identify":[6],"patient":[7],"cohorts":[8],"meeting":[9],"eligibility":[10],"criteria":[11],"for":[12,59,108,164],"observational":[13],"studies":[14],"or":[15],"clinical":[16],"trials,":[17],"require":[18],"medical":[19],"data":[20,115,143],"in":[21,153,178,263,284,317],"a":[22,60,98,171,213,248,264,269,333],"consistent":[23],"structured,":[24],"coded":[25],"format.":[26],"Data":[27],"heterogeneity":[28],"limits":[29],"such":[30],"algorithms'":[31],"applicability.":[32],"Existing":[33],"approaches":[34],"are":[35,86],"often:":[36],"not":[37,124,151,281,355],"widely":[38],"interoperable;":[39],"or,":[40],"have":[41],"low":[42],"sensitivity":[43],"due":[44],"reliance":[46],"on":[47],"the":[48,55,69,106,112,179,185,194,198,227,230,285,322,344,365],"lowest":[49],"common":[50],"denominator":[51],"(ICD-9":[52],"diagnoses).":[53],"In":[54],"Scalable":[56],"Collaborative":[57],"Infrastructure":[58],"Learning":[61],"Healthcare":[62],"System":[63],"(SCILHS)":[64],"we":[65,103,169],"endeavor":[66],"use":[68],"widely-available":[70],"Current":[71],"Procedural":[72],"Terminology":[73],"(CPT)":[74],"procedure":[75],"codes":[76,85,149,177,260,279,296,316,342],"with":[77,135,233,374],"ICD-9.":[78],"Unfortunately,":[79],"CPT":[80,100,133,148,189,341,346],"changes":[81],"drastically":[82],"year-to-year":[83],"-":[84],"retired/replaced.":[87],"Longitudinal":[88],"analysis":[89,215],"requires":[90],"grouping":[91,371],"retired":[92,126,313,340,357,373],"and":[93,111,117,211,216,243,314,320,369],"current":[94],"codes.":[95,127,190,307,358,376],"BioPortal":[96,345],"provides":[97],"navigable":[99],"hierarchy,":[101],"which":[102,303,353],"imported":[104],"into":[105,201,343],"Informatics":[107],"Integrating":[109],"Biology":[110],"Bedside":[113],"(i2b2)":[114],"warehouse":[116],"analytics":[118],"platform.":[119],"However,":[120],"this":[121],"hierarchy":[122,134],"does":[123],"include":[125,356],"METHODS:":[128],"We":[129,196,331],"compared":[130],"BioPortal's":[131],"2014AA":[132,154],"Partners":[136],"Healthcare's":[137],"SCILHS":[138],"datamart,":[139],"comprising":[140],"three-million":[141],"patients'":[142],"over":[144],"15":[145],"years.":[146],"573":[147],"were":[150,261,280],"present":[152],"(6.5":[155],"million":[156],"occurrences).":[157],"No":[158],"existing":[159,350],"terminology":[160],"provided":[161],"hierarchical":[162,287,309,351],"linkages":[163],"these":[165],"missing":[166,176],"codes,":[167],"so":[168],"developed":[170,332],"method":[172,228,337],"that":[173,259,268,278],"automatically":[174],"places":[175],"most":[180,318],"specific":[181],"\"grouper\"":[182],"category,":[183],"using":[184,247],"numerical":[186],"similarity":[187],"of":[188,250,295,302,325,372],"Two":[191],"informaticians":[192],"reviewed":[193],"results.":[195],"incorporated":[197],"final":[199],"table":[200],"our":[202,298],"i2b2":[203],"SCILHS/PCORnet":[204],"ontology,":[205,299],"deployed":[206],"it":[207],"at":[208],"seven":[209,290],"sites,":[210],"performed":[212],"gap":[214],"an":[217],"evaluation":[218],"against":[219],"several":[220,326],"algorithms.":[222,329],"RESULTS:":[223],"The":[224,289,359],"reviewers":[225],"found":[226],"placed":[229,262,283],"code":[231],"correctly":[232,311],"97":[234],"%":[235,245,301],"precision":[236,246,257,276,368],"when":[237],"considering":[238],"only":[239],"miscategorizations":[240],"(\"correctness":[241],"precision\")":[242],"52":[244],"gold-standard":[249],"optimal":[251,286],"placement":[252],"(\"optimality":[253],"precision\").":[254],"High":[255],"correctness":[256,367],"meant":[258,277],"reasonable":[265],"hierarchal":[266],"position":[267],"reviewer":[270],"can":[271],"quickly":[272],"validate.":[273],"Lower":[274],"optimality":[275],"often":[282],"subfolder.":[288],"sites":[291],"encountered":[292],"few":[293],"occurrences":[294],"outside":[297],"93":[300],"comprised":[304],"just":[305],"four":[306],"Our":[308],"approach":[310],"grouped":[312],"non-retired":[315,375],"cases":[319],"extended":[321],"temporal":[323],"reach":[324],"important":[327],"CONCLUSIONS:":[330],"simple,":[334],"easily-validated,":[335],"automated":[336],"place":[339],"hierarchy.":[347],"This":[348],"complements":[349],"terminologies,":[352],"do":[354],"approach's":[360],"utility":[361],"is":[362],"confirmed":[363],"by":[364],"high":[366],"successful":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}