{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037837401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","title":"Learning to improve medical decision making from imbalanced data without a priori cost","display_name":"Learning to improve medical decision making from imbalanced data without a priori cost","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037837401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","mag":"2037837401","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25480146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030367905","display_name":"Xiang Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2324-6527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. xwan@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. xwan@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062375227","display_name":"Jiming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. jiming@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. jiming@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022791783","display_name":"William K. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William K Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. william@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. william@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002431770","display_name":"Tiejun Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-3990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. tongt@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","Department of Mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist University,Kowloon Tong,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. tongt@comp.hkbu.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist University,Kowloon Tong,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030367905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.9535,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89510715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.6685502529144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6121280789375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6033173203468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6015827655792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5950371623039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.46404948830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43442052602767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4290485382080078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.6685502529144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6121280789375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6033173203468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6015827655792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5950371623039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.46404948830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43442052602767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4290485382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005067","descriptor_name":"Euthyroid Sick Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005067","descriptor_name":"Euthyroid Sick Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005067","descriptor_name":"Euthyroid Sick Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006505","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006505","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006505","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010361","descriptor_name":"Patients","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010361","descriptor_name":"Patients","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010361","descriptor_name":"Patients","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015983","descriptor_name":"Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015983","descriptor_name":"Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015983","descriptor_name":"Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035061","descriptor_name":"Control Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035061","descriptor_name":"Control Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035061","descriptor_name":"Control Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25480146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25480146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4261533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4261533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkbu.edu.hk:hkbu_staff_publication-3816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/2802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196872","display_name":"HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HKBU Staff Publication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12911-014-0111-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320955","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037837401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037837401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W145450961","https://openalex.org/W167016754","https://openalex.org/W1487629352","https://openalex.org/W1517113043","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1580049798","https://openalex.org/W1588282782","https://openalex.org/W1965895350","https://openalex.org/W1984712439","https://openalex.org/W1993220166","https://openalex.org/W2018186689","https://openalex.org/W2040661907","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2058732827","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2098576843","https://openalex.org/W2103614420","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2119157339","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2123977051","https://openalex.org/W2133928392","https://openalex.org/W2136153329","https://openalex.org/W2136903812","https://openalex.org/W2142261479","https://openalex.org/W2145278766","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2171629518","https://openalex.org/W2293618063","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W6819404911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W1549363203","https://openalex.org/W4231274751","https://openalex.org/W2154063878","https://openalex.org/W2556012038","https://openalex.org/W1489772951","https://openalex.org/W1518215897","https://openalex.org/W3082059448","https://openalex.org/W4313640622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,101],"a":[2,11,18,29,33,70,106,119,146,156,166,213,219,241,255,269,288],"medical":[3,97,115,180,233,263,295],"data":[4,6,116,181,231,234,265,283],"set,":[5],"are":[7],"commonly":[8],"composed":[9],"of":[10,27,81,123,248,294],"minority":[12,30,138],"(positive":[13],"or":[14,21],"abnormal)":[15],"group":[16,23],"and":[17,24,92,140,188,285],"majority":[19,34,142],"(negative":[20],"normal)":[22],"the":[25,41,55,60,75,79,127,134,137,141,151,196,246,249],"cost":[26,72,88,243],"misclassifying":[28],"sample":[31,35],"as":[32],"is":[36,40,89,131,163,218],"highly":[37],"expensive.":[38],"This":[39,252],"so-called":[42],"imbalanced":[43,114,152,186,230,264,282],"classification":[44,48,83,153,226,250,284],"problem.":[45,159],"The":[46,160,190,236,272],"traditional":[47,237],"functions":[49],"can":[50,286],"be":[51,287],"seriously":[52],"affected":[53],"by":[54,144],"skewed":[56],"class":[57,139,143],"distribution":[58],"in":[59,78,96,184,212,232,281,291],"data.":[61],"To":[62],"deal":[63],"with":[64,204],"this":[65,86,102],"problem,":[66],"people":[67],"often":[68,90,201,239],"use":[69,240],"priori":[71,87,120,206,242,270],"to":[73,94,112,132,174,222,244],"adjust":[74,245],"learning":[76,108,247,261],"process":[77],"pursuit":[80],"optimal":[82],"function.":[84,251],"However,":[85],"unknown":[91],"hard":[93],"estimate":[95],"decision":[98,296],"making.":[99,297],"METHODS:":[100],"paper,":[103],"we":[104],"propose":[105],"new":[107],"method,":[109],"named":[110],"RankCost,":[111,259],"classify":[113],"without":[117,267],"using":[118,145,268],"cost.":[121,271],"Instead":[122],"focusing":[124],"on":[125,178,229],"improving":[126],"class-prediction":[128],"accuracy,":[129],"RankCost":[130,173,208,277],"maximize":[133],"difference":[135],"between":[136],"scoring":[147,161],"function,":[148],"which":[149],"translates":[150],"problem":[154],"into":[155],"partial":[157],"ranking":[158],"function":[162],"learned":[164],"via":[165],"non-parametric":[167],"boosting":[168],"algorithm.":[169],"RESULTS:":[170],"We":[171],"compare":[172],"several":[175],"representative":[176],"approaches":[177,238],"four":[179],"sets":[182,266],"varying":[183],"size,":[185],"ratio,":[187],"dimension.":[189],"experimental":[191,273],"results":[192,274],"demonstrate":[193],"that":[194,200,276],"unlike":[195],"currently":[197],"available":[198],"methods":[199],"perform":[202],"unevenly":[203],"different":[205],"costs,":[207],"shows":[209],"comparable":[210],"performance":[211],"consistent":[214],"manner.":[215],"CONCLUSIONS:":[216],"It":[217],"challenging":[220],"task":[221],"learn":[223],"an":[224],"effective":[225],"model":[227],"based":[228],"analysis.":[235],"work":[253],"presents":[254],"novel":[256],"approach,":[257],"namely":[258],"for":[260],"from":[262],"indicate":[275],"performs":[278],"very":[279],"well":[280],"useful":[289],"method":[290],"real-world":[292],"applications":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
