{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147485332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","title":"Spatially decoupled reliable mutual learning for semi-supervised medical image segmentation","display_name":"Spatially decoupled reliable mutual learning for semi-supervised medical image segmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147485332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41917849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102614534","display_name":"Anjie Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124907","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z125451","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjie Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132679935","display_name":"Chunmei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124907","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z125451","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunmei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrocardiography Room, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrocardiography Room, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043809737","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2457-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337921","display_name":"Zhiyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-2636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043653997","display_name":"Liuhong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-6744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124907","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02z125451","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liuhong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China. zhuliuhong@163.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China. zhuliuhong@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101744572","display_name":"Jianjun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127074","display_name":"Zhongshan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/032x22645","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127074"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. zhoujianjunzs1@126.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. zhoujianjunzs1@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127074","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043653997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124907"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48891295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.22300000488758087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.22300000488758087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.10509999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.06769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.3434999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7922000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.739799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006325","descriptor_name":"Heart Atria","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006325","descriptor_name":"Heart Atria","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006325","descriptor_name":"Heart Atria","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010179","descriptor_name":"Pancreas","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010179","descriptor_name":"Pancreas","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010179","descriptor_name":"Pancreas","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41917849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41917849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:404691c81b6b4d60aabd1bca87af9a2f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/404691c81b6b4d60aabd1bca87af9a2f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13169569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13169569/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-026-02274-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W855272188","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2962804657","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2964317695","https://openalex.org/W2971013993","https://openalex.org/W2979907638","https://openalex.org/W3035680157","https://openalex.org/W3044738063","https://openalex.org/W3083779147","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3093394156","https://openalex.org/W3171581326","https://openalex.org/W3172949220","https://openalex.org/W3203046931","https://openalex.org/W3203488660","https://openalex.org/W3204221214","https://openalex.org/W4225895868","https://openalex.org/W4296119467","https://openalex.org/W4312651959","https://openalex.org/W4385879609","https://openalex.org/W4386065420","https://openalex.org/W4386075748","https://openalex.org/W4386075981","https://openalex.org/W4387211166","https://openalex.org/W4387211597","https://openalex.org/W4387211652","https://openalex.org/W4390872874","https://openalex.org/W4391109864","https://openalex.org/W4399561182","https://openalex.org/W4402083677","https://openalex.org/W4402896336","https://openalex.org/W4412909016","https://openalex.org/W4413822091","https://openalex.org/W4415652274","https://openalex.org/W6902995573"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Semi-Supervised":[1],"Learning":[2,48,87],"reduces":[3],"the":[4,65,106,116],"annotation":[5],"burden":[6],"for":[7,180],"medical":[8,181],"image":[9,182],"segmentation":[10,141,183],"but":[11],"currently":[12],"suffers":[13],"from":[14],"spatial":[15,158,168],"context":[16,52],"overfitting":[17],"and":[18,124,140,160,170],"confirmation":[19,80],"bias":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,28,33,67],"noisy":[23],"pseudo-labels.":[24],"This":[25,95],"study":[26],"aims":[27],"propose":[29,55],"a":[30,40,56,84,90,176],"robust":[31],"framework":[32,42],"overcome":[34],"these":[35],"limitations.":[36],"METHODS:":[37],"We":[38],"introduce":[39],"novel":[41],"termed":[43],"Spatially":[44],"Decoupled":[45],"Reliable":[46,85],"Mutual":[47,86],"(SDRML).":[49],"To":[50,78],"address":[51],"overfitting,":[53],"we":[54,82],"Spatial":[57],"Decoupling":[58],"strategy":[59],"that":[60],"utilizes":[61],"translation":[62],"consistency,":[63],"compelling":[64],"model":[66],"focus":[68],"on":[69,115],"intrinsic":[70],"anatomical":[71],"features":[72],"rather":[73],"than":[74],"fixed":[75],"background":[76],"contexts.":[77],"mitigate":[79],"bias,":[81],"design":[83],"mechanism":[88],"incorporating":[89],"Confident":[91],"Regional":[92],"Cross-entropy":[93],"loss.":[94],"loss":[96],"dynamically":[97],"filters":[98],"low-confidence":[99],"predictions,":[100],"ensuring":[101],"only":[102,150],"reliable":[103,171],"pseudo-labels":[104],"guide":[105],"tri-model":[107],"co-training":[108],"process.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"Extensive":[111],"experiments":[112],"were":[113],"conducted":[114],"ACDC":[117],"(2D":[118],"MRI),":[119,123],"Left":[120],"Atrium":[121],"(3D":[122],"Pancreas-CT":[125],"datasets.":[126],"SDRML":[127,155],"significantly":[128],"outperforms":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"methods":[131],"across":[132],"all":[133],"benchmarks.":[134],"Notably,":[135],"it":[136,174],"demonstrates":[137],"superior":[138],"robustness":[139],"accuracy":[142],"in":[143,164],"data-scarce":[144],"scenarios,":[145],"such":[146],"as":[147],"regimes":[148],"with":[149,184],"10%":[151],"labeled":[152],"data.":[153],"CONCLUSIONS:":[154],"effectively":[156],"resolves":[157],"dependency":[159],"noise":[161,172],"accumulation":[162],"issues":[163],"SSL.":[165],"By":[166],"leveraging":[167],"decoupling":[169],"filtering,":[173],"provides":[175],"highly":[177],"effective":[178],"solution":[179],"limited":[185],"annotations.":[186],"TRIAL":[187],"REGISTRATION:":[188],"Not":[189],"applicable.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-01T08:46:32.239190","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
