{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410443462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","title":"Enhancing basal cell carcinoma classification in preoperative biopsies via transfer learning with weakly supervised graph transformers","display_name":"Enhancing basal cell carcinoma classification in preoperative biopsies via transfer learning with weakly supervised graph transformers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410443462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035411428","display_name":"Johan Bj\u00f6rkman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Bj\u00f6rkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117571722","display_name":"Sigrid Lagerroth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigrid Lagerroth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082124813","display_name":"Jan Siarov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-3113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Siarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Str\u00e5ket 8, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Str\u00e5ket 8, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000305424","display_name":"Filmon Yacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800527349","display_name":"Varberg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02s0pza74","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800527349"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filmon Yacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ekkono Solutions, Varberg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ekkono Solutions, Varberg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800527349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046975245","display_name":"Noora Neittaanm\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8733-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noora Neittaanm\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. noora.neittaanmaki@fimnet.fi","Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Str\u00e5ket 8, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden. noora.neittaanmaki@fimnet.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. noora.neittaanmaki@fimnet.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Str\u00e5ket 8, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden. noora.neittaanmaki@fimnet.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046975245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1192528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"166","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.6277999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.6277999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":0.29499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6659755110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"Basal cell carcinoma","score":0.5889085531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5814715623855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4801192283630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47500526905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45754215121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell","display_name":"Basal cell","score":0.4193388521671295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.35523125529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3448219299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.29741793870925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.29661446809768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12374016642570496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6659755110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778804307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809758","display_name":"Basal cell carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.5889085531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5814715623855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4801192283630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47500526905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45754215121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019992690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92767510","display_name":"Basal cell","level":2,"score":0.4193388521671295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.35523125529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3448219299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29741793870925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.29661446809768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12374016642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002280","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Basal Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40380086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4cd2e49b75dc4cf19f04780cfdf45ef4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4cd2e49b75dc4cf19f04780cfdf45ef4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12084905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12084905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01710-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5275743349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23 2876 Pj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313607","funder_display_name":"Swedish Cancer Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313607","display_name":"Swedish Cancer Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323421","display_name":"G\u00f6teborgs Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410443462.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410443462.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591533299","https://openalex.org/W2002185973","https://openalex.org/W2041656630","https://openalex.org/W2053148608","https://openalex.org/W2093742027","https://openalex.org/W2105739910","https://openalex.org/W2330366745","https://openalex.org/W2400484660","https://openalex.org/W2618999197","https://openalex.org/W2783973185","https://openalex.org/W2885738414","https://openalex.org/W2894398812","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2936504617","https://openalex.org/W2953048903","https://openalex.org/W2956228567","https://openalex.org/W3007110023","https://openalex.org/W3009926465","https://openalex.org/W3016224267","https://openalex.org/W3105980361","https://openalex.org/W3175191608","https://openalex.org/W3186051266","https://openalex.org/W4304084212","https://openalex.org/W4376114601","https://openalex.org/W4386753220","https://openalex.org/W4387021831","https://openalex.org/W4389839624","https://openalex.org/W4391065733","https://openalex.org/W6963486657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1920413731","https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W3126292731","https://openalex.org/W1481633419","https://openalex.org/W3119361717","https://openalex.org/W2612979736","https://openalex.org/W2105762953","https://openalex.org/W2999581104","https://openalex.org/W4234528873","https://openalex.org/W3175337363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Basal":[1,73],"cell":[2],"carcinoma":[3],"(BCC)":[4],"is":[5,339],"the":[6,131,151,158,207,212,216,240,265,269,283,294,325,349],"most":[7],"common":[8],"skin":[9],"cancer,":[10],"placing":[11],"a":[12,39,111,134,147],"significant":[13],"burden":[14],"on":[15,116,154,282,293,309],"healthcare":[16],"systems":[17],"globally.":[18],"Developing":[19],"high-precision":[20],"automated":[21],"diagnostics":[22],"requires":[23],"large":[24],"annotated":[25],"datasets,":[26],"which":[27],"are":[28],"costly":[29],"and":[30,60,68,87,97,106,130,140,170,193,211,223,225,231,236,246,252,256,280,291,342],"difficult":[31],"to":[32,37,45,65,335],"obtain.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35,262],"aimed":[36],"fine-tune":[38],"weakly":[40],"supervised":[41],"machine":[42],"learning":[43,303],"model":[44,114,148,204,210,213,267,270,307],"classify":[46],"BCC":[47,86,120,169,197],"in":[48,318,330],"preoperative":[49],"punch":[50,82],"biopsies":[51,83],"using":[52,110],"transfer":[53,302],"learning.":[54],"By":[55],"addressing":[56],"challenges":[57,344],"of":[58,81,164,220,228,250,327,348],"scalability":[59],"variability,":[61],"this":[62],"approach":[63],"seeks":[64],"enhance":[66],"generalizability":[67],"diagnostic":[69],"accuracy.":[70],"METHODS:":[71],"The":[72,161,202,260,298],"Cell":[74],"Classification":[75],"(BCCC)":[76],"dataset":[77,163],"included":[78,138],"514":[79],"WSIs":[80,101,118,156,166],"(261":[84],"with":[85,168,218,226,248],"253":[88],"tumor-free":[89],"slides),":[90],"divided":[91],"into":[92,104,125],"training":[93],"(70%),":[94],"validation":[95],"(15%),":[96],"test":[98],"sets":[99],"(15%).":[100],"were":[102,108,123,244],"split":[103],"patches,":[105],"features":[107],"extracted":[109],"pretrained":[112,209],"simCLR":[113],"trained":[115,149,214,271],"1,435":[117],"from":[119,150,157,215,272],"excisions.":[121],"Features":[122],"formed":[124],"graphs":[126],"for":[127,175,233,254],"spatial":[128],"information":[129],"processed":[132],"by":[133,277,289],"Vision":[135],"Transformer.":[136],"Testing":[137],"finetuned":[139],"non-finetuned":[141],"pre-trained":[142,328],"models":[143,329],"as":[144,146,286,288],"well":[145,287],"scratch,":[152,273],"evaluated":[153],"78":[155],"BCCC":[159,284],"dataset.":[160,296],"COBRA":[162,295],"3,588":[165],"(1,794":[167],"1,794":[171],"without)":[172],"was":[173],"used":[174],"external":[176,241],"validation.":[177],"Models":[178],"classified":[179],"no-tumor":[180,185,194],"vs.":[181,186,188,195],"tumor":[182],"(two":[183],"classes),":[184,192],"low-risk":[187],"high-risk":[189],"tumors":[190],"(three":[191],"four":[196],"subtypes":[198],"(five":[199],"classes).":[200],"RESULTS:":[201],"fine-tuned":[203,266],"significantly":[205],"outperformed":[206,268],"non-fine-tuned":[208],"scratch":[217],"accuracies":[219,243],"91.7%,":[221],"82.1%,":[222],"75.3%":[224],"AUCs":[227,249],"0.98,":[229],"0.95-0.98,":[230],"0.91-0.97":[232],"two,":[234],"three,":[235],"five-class":[237],"classification.":[238],"On":[239],"validation,":[242],"84.9%":[245],"70.5%,":[247],"0.92":[251],"0.89-0.91":[253],"two":[255],"three-class":[257],"classification,":[258],"respectively.":[259],"ablation":[261],"revealed":[263],"that":[264,301],"improving":[274],"mean":[275],"accuracy":[276],"10.6%,":[278],"11.7%,":[279],"13.1%":[281],"dataset,":[285],"29.6%":[290],"19.2%":[292],"CONCLUSIONS:":[297],"results":[299],"suggest":[300],"not":[304],"only":[305],"enhances":[306],"performance":[308],"small":[310],"datasets":[311,338],"but":[312],"also":[313],"supports":[314],"robust":[315],"feature":[316],"extraction":[317],"complex":[319],"histopathology":[320],"tasks.":[321],"These":[322],"findings":[323],"reinforce":[324],"utility":[326],"computational":[331],"pathology,":[332],"where":[333],"access":[334],"large,":[336],"labeled":[337],"often":[340],"limited,":[341],"task-specific":[343],"require":[345],"nuanced":[346],"understanding":[347],"visual":[350],"data.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
