{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410498633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","title":"Multiple deep learning models based on MRI images in discriminating glioblastoma from solitary brain metastases: a multicentre study","display_name":"Multiple deep learning models based on MRI images in discriminating glioblastoma from solitary brain metastases: a multicentre study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410498633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40389875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055865902","display_name":"Chao Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9730-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100830","display_name":"Shandong Tumor Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01413r497","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China","Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399","https://openalex.org/I4210100830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101777679","display_name":"Ding Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-7744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399798","display_name":"Kai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5951-2164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154093214","display_name":"Xinjiang Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p455v08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154093214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102015","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/015tqbb95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Head and Neck Comprehensive Radiotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Head and Neck Comprehensive Radiotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154093214","https://openalex.org/I4210102015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100531217","display_name":"Yong Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. yinyongsd@126.com","Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China. yinyongsd@126.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. yinyongsd@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China. yinyongsd@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410926","display_name":"Changsheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-8530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. machangsheng_2000@126.com","Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China. machangsheng_2000@126.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. machangsheng_2000@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China. machangsheng_2000@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":4.1939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94192116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.6233999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.6233999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.2806999981403351,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"Glioblastoma","score":0.7566334009170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6322519779205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5898587107658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5529433488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.48535385727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4262695908546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumor","display_name":"Brain tumor","score":0.42561084032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.35740214586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3558017909526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.22302982211112976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282142","display_name":"Glioblastoma","level":2,"score":0.7566334009170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6322519779205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5898587107658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5529433488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.48535385727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4262695908546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.42561084032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35740214586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3558017909526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.22302982211112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40389875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40389875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7375d9cd8d9469888097ea854ad5c99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7375d9cd8d9469888097ea854ad5c99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12090387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12090387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01703-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G164478813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12275162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2503733023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82072094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410498633.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410498633.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891513347","https://openalex.org/W2908536554","https://openalex.org/W2910570496","https://openalex.org/W2921746589","https://openalex.org/W2981521201","https://openalex.org/W3000910702","https://openalex.org/W3007679475","https://openalex.org/W3015357052","https://openalex.org/W3017369439","https://openalex.org/W3034035069","https://openalex.org/W3045128192","https://openalex.org/W3082806724","https://openalex.org/W3136883702","https://openalex.org/W3153990350","https://openalex.org/W3154223715","https://openalex.org/W3155739706","https://openalex.org/W3161255535","https://openalex.org/W3172492148","https://openalex.org/W3174246647","https://openalex.org/W3202944646","https://openalex.org/W3206733738","https://openalex.org/W3210997719","https://openalex.org/W3216666124","https://openalex.org/W4206042814","https://openalex.org/W4211260961","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4213099919","https://openalex.org/W4224690709","https://openalex.org/W4226085666","https://openalex.org/W4229028961","https://openalex.org/W4285238842","https://openalex.org/W4288950914","https://openalex.org/W4308684928","https://openalex.org/W4310567692","https://openalex.org/W4317802907","https://openalex.org/W4321445965","https://openalex.org/W4323830245","https://openalex.org/W4375865003","https://openalex.org/W4379880150","https://openalex.org/W4380520356","https://openalex.org/W4385660378","https://openalex.org/W4386582493","https://openalex.org/W4388769714","https://openalex.org/W4395114557","https://openalex.org/W4396854066","https://openalex.org/W4402117945","https://openalex.org/W4402220158","https://openalex.org/W4407287861","https://openalex.org/W4408257063","https://openalex.org/W4408383129","https://openalex.org/W4408636040","https://openalex.org/W4408751094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602805286","https://openalex.org/W4225917631","https://openalex.org/W2088686453","https://openalex.org/W4200635075","https://openalex.org/W4400475616","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2149738946","https://openalex.org/W2326681941","https://openalex.org/W4361251389","https://openalex.org/W10455127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Development":[1],"of":[2,11,27,30,41,44,67,90,155,161,181,213,239,258,268,272,280,294,316,320,330,341,375],"a":[3,42,79,83,346],"deep":[4,32,139,163,261,302,347,361],"learning":[5,33,140,164,262,303,348,362],"model":[6,141,324,349,363],"for":[7],"accurate":[8],"preoperative":[9],"identification":[10],"glioblastoma":[12,50,221,353],"and":[13,20,25,38,51,72,82,100,111,121,126,144,159,173,185,203,222,255,283,291,296,314,345,354,359],"solitary":[14,355],"brain":[15,53,224,356],"metastases":[16,54,225,357],"by":[17,151],"combining":[18],"multi-centre":[19],"multi-sequence":[21,342],"magnetic":[22],"resonance":[23],"images":[24,40,108,118,344],"comparison":[26,267],"the":[28,73,88,94,101,107,114,138,145,156,162,176,186,189,197,210,214,235,251,259,266,269,276,289,300,308,312,317,321,333,360,367,372],"performance":[29,212],"different":[31,127,273],"models.":[34,215,263,337],"METHODS:":[35],"Clinical":[36],"data":[37,74,157],"MR":[39,343],"total":[43],"236":[45],"patients":[46,219],"with":[47,113,123,220,288],"pathologically":[48],"confirmed":[49],"single":[52,223],"were":[55,75,109,119,130,149,183,206,232,305,325],"retrospectively":[56],"collected":[57,233],"from":[58,226,234],"January":[59,227],"2019":[60],"to":[61,87,136,208,229,249],"May":[62],"2024":[63],"at":[64],"Provincial":[65],"Hospital":[66,238],"Shandong":[68,240],"First":[69,241],"Medical":[70,242],"University,":[71],"randomly":[76],"divided":[77],"into":[78,307],"training":[80,95,160],"set":[81,85,96,103,248],"test":[84,102,247],"according":[86],"ratio":[89],"8:2,":[91],"in":[92,134,370],"which":[93,331],"contained":[97,104],"197":[98],"cases":[99],"39":[105],"cases;":[106],"preprocessed":[110],"labeled":[112,122],"tumor":[115,124],"regions.":[116],"The":[117,194],"pre-processed":[120],"regions,":[125],"MRI":[128,274],"sequences":[129],"input":[131],"individually":[132],"or":[133],"combination":[135,340],"train":[137],"3D":[142,166,171,174,322,364],"ResNet-18,":[143],"optimal":[146],"sequence":[147,278,310],"combinations":[148,279],"obtained":[150],"five-fold":[152],"cross-validation":[153],"enhancement":[154],"inputs":[158],"models":[165,304],"Vision":[167],"Transformer":[168],"(3D":[169],"Vit),":[170],"DenseNet,":[172],"VGG;":[175],"working":[177],"characteristic":[178],"curves":[179],"(ROCs)":[180],"subjects":[182],"plotted,":[184],"area":[187,195],"under":[188,196],"curve":[190,198],"(AUC)":[191],"was":[192],"calculated.":[193],"(AUC),":[199],"accuracy,":[200],"precision,":[201],"recall":[202],"F1":[204],"score":[205],"used":[207],"evaluate":[209],"discriminative":[211,252,270,286],"In":[216,265],"addition,":[217],"48":[218],"2020":[228],"December":[230],"2022":[231],"Affiliated":[236],"Cancer":[237],"University":[243],"as":[244],"an":[245],"external":[246,318],"compare":[250],"performance,":[253],"robustness":[254],"generalization":[256],"ability":[257],"four":[260,301],"RESULTS:":[264],"effect":[271],"sequences,":[275],"three":[277],"T1-CE,":[281],"T2,":[282],"T2-Flair":[284],"gained":[285],"effect,":[287],"accuracy":[290,313],"AUC":[292,315],"values":[293],"0.8718":[295],"0.9305,":[297],"respectively;":[298],"after":[299],"inputted":[306],"aforementioned":[309],"combinations,":[311],"validation":[319],"ResNet-18":[323,365],"0.8125,":[326],"respectively,":[327],"0.8899,":[328],"all":[329,336],"are":[332],"highest":[334,368],"among":[335],"CONCLUSIONS:":[338],"A":[339],"can":[350],"efficiently":[351],"identify":[352],"preoperatively,":[358],"has":[366],"efficacy":[369],"identifying":[371],"two":[373],"types":[374],"tumours.":[376]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
