{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408278188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","title":"Convolutional block attention gate-based Unet framework for microaneurysm segmentation using retinal fundus images","display_name":"Convolutional block attention gate-based Unet framework for microaneurysm segmentation using retinal fundus images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408278188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40065294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008365989","display_name":"C. B. Vanaja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. B. Vanaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. Prakasam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Prakasam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India. prakasam.p@vit.ac.in","School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India. prakasam.p@vit.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":12.9757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98964184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"83","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7432265877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7287887930870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6557158827781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6294116377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5998969674110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4773578643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4749748110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35393026471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14415600895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.13415348529815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12534722685813904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7432265877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7287887930870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6557158827781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6294116377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5998969674110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4773578643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4749748110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35393026471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14415600895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.13415348529815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12534722685813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071071","descriptor_name":"Microaneurysm","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40065294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40065294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4032eefa9882484785de08755ae197e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4032eefa9882484785de08755ae197e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11895248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11895248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12880-025-01625-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408278188.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2138480916","https://openalex.org/W2149430368","https://openalex.org/W2161342819","https://openalex.org/W2749049648","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2791415757","https://openalex.org/W2841732318","https://openalex.org/W2939250925","https://openalex.org/W2952722001","https://openalex.org/W3091843013","https://openalex.org/W3118722993","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3158309449","https://openalex.org/W3161200432","https://openalex.org/W3213290340","https://openalex.org/W4206159774","https://openalex.org/W4206838337","https://openalex.org/W4221038753","https://openalex.org/W4255822925","https://openalex.org/W4281929201","https://openalex.org/W4294811327","https://openalex.org/W4296902291","https://openalex.org/W4304481262","https://openalex.org/W4318475776","https://openalex.org/W4360609557","https://openalex.org/W4362586538","https://openalex.org/W4376273098","https://openalex.org/W4381415877","https://openalex.org/W4382568413","https://openalex.org/W4383376543","https://openalex.org/W4385880767","https://openalex.org/W4392902564","https://openalex.org/W4402343194","https://openalex.org/W4402478771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369","https://openalex.org/W2413307231","https://openalex.org/W4361800274","https://openalex.org/W4296525407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Diabetic":[1],"retinopathy":[2],"is":[3,76,97,209,252],"a":[4,24,91,196,224],"major":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,27,43,48,67,125,135,154,222,227,232,260,271,295],"vision":[8],"loss":[9],"worldwide.":[10],"This":[11],"emphasizes":[12],"the":[13,44,68,88,101,118,123,136,163,168,174,179,191,203,212,243,249,255,289,293],"need":[14],"for":[15,94,142,254,268,279],"early":[16],"identification":[17],"and":[18,56,71,112,127,149,158,186,201,229,258,283,298],"treatment":[19,259],"to":[20,52,62,78,121,165,199,246,291],"reduce":[21],"blindness":[22],"in":[23,37,81,190,237,273],"significant":[25,188],"proportion":[26],"individuals.":[28],"Microaneurysms,":[29],"extremely":[30],"small,":[31],"circular":[32],"red":[33],"spots":[34],"that":[35],"appear":[36],"retinal":[38],"fundus":[39,82,274],"images,":[40],"are":[41,60],"one":[42],"very":[45],"first":[46],"indications":[47],"diabetic":[49],"retinopathy.":[50],"Due":[51],"their":[53],"small":[54],"size":[55],"weak":[57],"nature,":[58],"microaneurysms":[59,80],"tough":[61],"identify":[63,200],"manually.":[64],"However,":[65],"because":[66],"complex":[69],"background":[70],"varied":[72],"lighting":[73],"factors,":[74],"it":[75],"challenging":[77],"recognize":[79],"images":[83],"automatically.":[84],"METHODS:":[85],"To":[86],"address":[87],"aforementioned":[89],"issues,":[90],"unique":[92],"approach":[93],"MA":[95],"segmentation":[96,128,144,238,270],"proposed":[98,131,264],"based":[99],"on":[100,167,211],"CBAM-AG":[102],"U-Net":[103,119],"model,":[104],"which":[105,140,194,251],"incorporates":[106],"Convolutional":[107],"Block":[108],"Attention":[109,113],"Module":[110],"(CBAM)":[111],"Gate":[114],"(AG)":[115],"processes":[116],"into":[117],"architecture":[120,132],"boost":[122],"extraction":[124],"features":[126],"accuracy.":[129,239],"The":[130,152,206,263],"takes":[133],"advantage":[134],"U-Net's":[137],"encoder-decoder":[138],"structure,":[139],"allows":[141],"perfect":[143],"by":[145,184],"gathering":[146],"both":[147],"high-":[148],"low-level":[150],"information.":[151],"addition":[153],"CBAM":[155],"introduces":[156],"channel":[157],"spatial":[159],"attention":[160],"mechanisms,":[161],"allowing":[162],"network":[164],"concentrate":[166],"most":[169],"useful":[170],"elements":[171],"while":[172],"reducing":[173],"less":[175],"relevant":[176],"ones.":[177],"Furthermore,":[178,285],"AGs":[180],"enhance":[181],"this":[182],"process":[183,294],"selecting":[185],"displaying":[187],"locations":[189],"feature":[192],"maps,":[193],"improves":[195],"model's":[197,244],"capability":[198],"segment":[202,248],"MAs.":[204],"RESULTS:":[205],"CBAM-AG-UNet":[207],"model":[208],"trained":[210],"IDRiD":[213],"dataset.":[214],"It":[215],"achieved":[216],"an":[217,230],"Intersection":[218],"over":[219],"Union":[220],"(IoU)":[221],"0.758,":[223],"Dice":[225],"Coefficient":[226],"0.865,":[228],"AUC-ROC":[231],"0.996,":[233],"outperforming":[234],"existing":[235],"approaches":[236],"These":[240],"findings":[241],"illustrate":[242],"ability":[245],"effectively":[247],"MAs,":[250],"critical":[253],"timely":[256],"detection":[257],"DR.":[261],"CONCLUSION:":[262],"deep":[265],"learning-based":[266],"technique":[267],"automatic":[269],"micro-aneurysms":[272],"photographs":[275],"produces":[276],"promising":[277],"results":[278],"improving":[280],"DR":[281],"diagnosis":[282],"treatment.":[284],"our":[286],"method":[287],"has":[288],"potential":[290],"simplify":[292],"delivering":[296],"immediate":[297],"precise":[299],"diagnoses.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}