{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402926611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","title":"An open-source fine-tuned large language model for radiological impression generation: a multi-reader performance study","display_name":"An open-source fine-tuned large language model for radiological impression generation: a multi-reader performance study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402926611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39333958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035562505","display_name":"Adrian Serapio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Serapio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058989449","display_name":"Gunvant Chaudhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunvant Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088888130","display_name":"Cody Savage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315496137","display_name":"University of Maryland Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00sde4n60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315496137","https://openalex.org/I14285509"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cody Savage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I1315496137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112433227","display_name":"Yoo Jin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2348-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoo Jin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005826694","display_name":"Maya Vella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4816-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Vella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090212465","display_name":"Shravan Sridhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shravan Sridhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002075032","display_name":"Jamie Schroeder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802534011","display_name":"MedStar Georgetown University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ja1ak26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802534011","https://openalex.org/I86755215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Lee Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802534011","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627890","display_name":"Jonathan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-3086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084801169","display_name":"Adam Yala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-2590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Yala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Precision Health, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Precision Health, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024020141","display_name":"Jae Ho Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jae Ho Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. sohn87@gmail.com","Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. sohn87@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024020141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":9.788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98610919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"254","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.41179999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5355382561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5082902312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4993467330932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiological-weapon","display_name":"Radiological weapon","score":0.45589306950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.43621766567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4222242832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.42124003171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3783339262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35073602199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34725844860076904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5355382561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5082902312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4993467330932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190892606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512464","display_name":"Radiological weapon","level":2,"score":0.45589306950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.43621766567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4222242832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.42124003171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3783339262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35073602199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34725844860076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39333958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39333958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9k7913vf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9k7913vf","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9k7913vf/qt9k7913vf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, vol 24, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11428559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11428559","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11428559/pdf/12880_2024_Article_1435.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:073af8db1cdd4f03a846ca85b79edf56","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/073af8db1cdd4f03a846ca85b79edf56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12880-024-01435-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402926611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402926611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484393529","https://openalex.org/W1913339316","https://openalex.org/W1972978214","https://openalex.org/W2129514346","https://openalex.org/W2136148671","https://openalex.org/W2559874490","https://openalex.org/W2901906577","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3089474066","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3103145119","https://openalex.org/W4233624763","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4307079201","https://openalex.org/W4318069287","https://openalex.org/W4362522726","https://openalex.org/W4366330426","https://openalex.org/W4367186868","https://openalex.org/W4376640725","https://openalex.org/W4380423243","https://openalex.org/W4382182493","https://openalex.org/W4385381606","https://openalex.org/W4387472906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W4224266612","https://openalex.org/W2383394264","https://openalex.org/W4320153225","https://openalex.org/W4293261942","https://openalex.org/W3125968744","https://openalex.org/W2167701463","https://openalex.org/W2110287964","https://openalex.org/W4307407935","https://openalex.org/W649759291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,97,174,292],"impression":[2,167,257],"section":[3],"integrates":[4],"key":[5],"findings":[6,302],"of":[7,36,58,68,154,179,192,211,229,245,267,319,334],"a":[8,37,56,94,139,146,208,227,260,316],"radiology":[9,38,63,340],"report":[10,39,341],"but":[11,225],"can":[12,312,344],"be":[13],"subjective":[14],"and":[15,21,44,61,78,86,164,182,186,195,203,217,252,275,288,303,324],"variable.":[16],"We":[17,150],"sought":[18],"to":[19,131,169,315],"fine-tune":[20],"evaluate":[22,134],"an":[23,105],"open-source":[24,309],"Large":[25],"Language":[26],"Model":[27],"(LLM)":[28],"in":[29,338,346],"automatically":[30],"generating":[31],"impressions":[32,216,218,240,314,342],"from":[33,65],"the":[34,66,79,135,152,155,161,165,200,214,221,238,255,295,332],"remainder":[35],"across":[40,199],"different":[41],"imaging":[42],"modalities":[43,205],"hospitals.":[45],"METHODS:":[46],"In":[47,234],"this":[48],"institutional":[49],"review":[50],"board-approved":[51],"retrospective":[52],"study,":[53,237],"we":[54],"collated":[55],"dataset":[57],"CT,":[59,201],"US,":[60,202],"MRI":[62,204],"reports":[64],"University":[67],"California":[69],"San":[70,81],"Francisco":[71,82],"Medical":[72],"Center":[73,88],"(UCSFMC)":[74],"(n":[75,89],"=":[76,90],"372,716)":[77],"Zuckerberg":[80],"General":[83],"(ZSFG)":[84],"Hospital":[85],"Trauma":[87],"60,049),":[91],"both":[92],"under":[93],"single":[95],"institution.":[96],"Recall-Oriented":[98],"Understudy":[99],"for":[100,117,277,300],"Gisting":[101],"Evaluation":[102],"(ROUGE)":[103],"score,":[104],"automatic":[106,118],"natural":[107,119],"language":[108,120,336],"evaluation":[109],"metric":[110],"that":[111,343],"measures":[112],"word":[113],"overlap,":[114],"was":[115,129],"used":[116],"evaluation.":[121],"A":[122],"reader":[123,156,236,328],"study":[124,158,330],"with":[125,145,226],"five":[126],"cardiothoracic":[127],"radiologists":[128],"performed":[130],"more":[132],"strictly":[133],"model's":[136],"performance":[137,157,329],"on":[138,160,184,197,304],"specific":[140],"modality":[141],"(CT":[142],"chest":[143],"exams)":[144],"radiologist":[147,262],"subspecialist":[148,222,261],"baseline.":[149],"stratified":[151],"results":[153],"based":[159],"diagnosis":[162],"category":[163],"original":[166,256],"length":[168],"gauge":[170],"case":[171],"complexity.":[172],"RESULTS:":[173],"LLM":[175,293,311],"achieved":[176,241,263,294],"ROUGE-L":[177,190,289],"scores":[178,191,244,266],"46.51,":[180],"44.2,":[181],"50.96":[183],"UCSFMC":[185],"upon":[187,231],"external":[188,232],"validation,":[189],"40.74,":[193],"37.89,":[194],"24.61":[196],"ZSFG":[198],"respectively,":[206],"implying":[207],"substantial":[209],"degree":[210,228],"overlap":[212],"between":[213],"model-generated":[215,239],"written":[219,258],"by":[220,259],"attending":[223],"radiologists,":[224],"degradation":[230],"validation.":[233],"our":[235],"overall":[242,264],"mean":[243,265],"3.56/4,":[246],"3.92/4,":[247],"3.37/4,":[248],"18.29":[249],"s,12.32":[250],"words,":[251,274],"84":[253],"while":[254],"3.75/4,":[268],"3.87/4,":[269],"3.54/4,":[270],"12.2":[271],"s,":[272],"5.74":[273],"89":[276],"clinical":[278,297,320],"accuracy,":[279,281,321,323],"grammatical":[280,322],"stylistic":[282,325],"quality,":[283],"edit":[284,286],"time,":[285],"distance,":[287],"score":[290],"respectively.":[291],"highest":[296],"accuracy":[298],"ratings":[299],"acute/emergent":[301],"shorter":[305],"impressions.":[306],"CONCLUSIONS:":[307],"An":[308],"fine-tuned":[310],"generate":[313],"satisfactory":[317],"level":[318],"quality.":[326],"Our":[327],"demonstrates":[331],"potential":[333],"large":[335],"models":[337],"drafting":[339],"aid":[345],"streamlining":[347],"radiologists'":[348],"workflows.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
