{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153842321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","title":"Automated detection and segmentation of thoracic lymph nodes from CT using 3D foveal fully convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Automated detection and segmentation of thoracic lymph nodes from CT using 3D foveal fully convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153842321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","mag":"3153842321","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030064827","display_name":"Andra-Iza Iuga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-0235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andra-Iza Iuga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. andra.iuga@uk-koeln.de","Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-0235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. andra.iuga@uk-koeln.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019796247","display_name":"Heike Carolus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-6578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heike Carolus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025930906","display_name":"Anna Janina H\u00f6ink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna J. H\u00f6ink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055312613","display_name":"Tom Brosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Brosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041779890","display_name":"Tobias Klinder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-6720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Klinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037775556","display_name":"David Maintz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Maintz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014839908","display_name":"Thors\ufefften Persigehl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5928-4405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Persigehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003254879","display_name":"Bettina Bae\u00dfler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bettina Bae\u00dfler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110337275","display_name":"Michael P\u00fcsken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P\u00fcsken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030064827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762","https://openalex.org/I4210153755"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":4.3745,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.953331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.8932999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.8932999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6911804676055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foveal","display_name":"Foveal","score":0.5663192868232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5584387183189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thorax","display_name":"Thorax (insect anatomy)","score":0.5267202854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4950339198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.48864108324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.4821586012840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micrometastasis","display_name":"Micrometastasis","score":0.44198086857795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3813529908657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3644804060459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.335415244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastasis","display_name":"Metastasis","score":0.23453399538993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.22453859448432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.09599179029464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.06621360778808594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6911804676055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.5663192868232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5584387183189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97834683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942508","display_name":"Thorax (insect anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.5267202854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4950339198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.48864108324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.4821586012840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778123414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2779635","display_name":"Micrometastasis","level":4,"score":0.44198086857795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3813529908657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3644804060459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.335415244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.23453399538993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.22453859448432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.09599179029464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06621360778808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001365","descriptor_name":"Axilla","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002283","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Bronchogenic","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008482","descriptor_name":"Mediastinum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33849483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c76b8c45a25b48f8bfa94de379c448c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c76b8c45a25b48f8bfa94de379c448c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6462873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6462873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196269","display_name":"PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lobid.org/resources/99370673924706441#!, 21(1):69","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8045346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8045346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12880-021-00599-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327730","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153842321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153842321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317170363","https://openalex.org/W1848851701","https://openalex.org/W1857708706","https://openalex.org/W1883146913","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2007058379","https://openalex.org/W2040211532","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2104496058","https://openalex.org/W2164547129","https://openalex.org/W2181650058","https://openalex.org/W2182113531","https://openalex.org/W2229476080","https://openalex.org/W2493683088","https://openalex.org/W2525157777","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2600541544","https://openalex.org/W2604580699","https://openalex.org/W2610641952","https://openalex.org/W2747898116","https://openalex.org/W2785809060","https://openalex.org/W2791543691","https://openalex.org/W2794420370","https://openalex.org/W2890143692","https://openalex.org/W2911605224","https://openalex.org/W2916388222","https://openalex.org/W2923954709","https://openalex.org/W2927096073","https://openalex.org/W2940302122","https://openalex.org/W2951934944","https://openalex.org/W3074741277","https://openalex.org/W3105950366","https://openalex.org/W3134475970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392163599","https://openalex.org/W2354853244","https://openalex.org/W2376574143","https://openalex.org/W2363205838","https://openalex.org/W2374521609","https://openalex.org/W2380754051","https://openalex.org/W2388860121","https://openalex.org/W2283340763","https://openalex.org/W2372523704","https://openalex.org/W2369898309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,195],"oncology,":[2],"the":[3,24,27,32,55,75,82,92,107,112,179,191,196,212,266,279],"correct":[4],"determination":[5],"of":[6,26,31,45,54,81,91,97,111,144,154,170,188,271],"nodal":[7],"metastatic":[8],"disease":[9],"is":[10],"essential":[11],"for":[12,39,152,172,205,215,242],"patient":[13,16],"management,":[14],"as":[15],"treatment":[17],"and":[18,43,187,225,231,249,269,274,288],"prognosis":[19],"are":[20],"closely":[21],"linked":[22],"to":[23,35,209,281,289],"stage":[25],"disease.":[28],"The":[29,69,158,254],"aim":[30],"study":[33],"was":[34,72,100,127,133,203],"develop":[36],"a":[37,58,104,117,161,166,199,218],"tool":[38],"automatic":[40,267],"3D":[41,65,109,124,256],"detection":[42,168,201,213,238,268,283],"segmentation":[44,270],"lymph":[46],"nodes":[47],"(LNs)":[48],"in":[49,178,190,245,265],"computed":[50],"tomography":[51],"(CT)":[52],"scans":[53,90,143],"thorax":[56],"using":[57],"fully":[59,118],"convolutional":[60,119],"neural":[61],"network":[62,121],"based":[63,122],"on":[64,123,135],"foveal":[66,125],"patches.":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"training":[70,180,197],"dataset":[71,138,181,198],"collected":[73],"from":[74],"Computed":[76],"Tomography":[77],"Lymph":[78],"Nodes":[79],"Collection":[80],"Cancer":[83],"Imaging":[84],"Archive,":[85],"containing":[86,139],"89":[87],"contrast-enhanced":[88,141],"CT":[89,142],"thorax.":[93],"A":[94],"total":[95,167],"number":[96],"4275":[98],"LNs":[99,174,207,216,243,273],"segmented":[101],"semi-automatically":[102],"by":[103],"radiologist,":[105],"assessing":[106],"entire":[108],"volume":[110,186],"LNs.":[113],"Using":[114],"this":[115],"data,":[116],"neuronal":[120],"patches":[126],"trained":[128],"with":[129,165,182,217],"fourfold":[130,176],"cross-validation.":[131],"Testing":[132],"performed":[134],"an":[136,261],"unseen":[137,192],"15":[140],"patients":[145],"who":[146],"were":[147,240],"referred":[148],"upon":[149],"suspicion":[150],"or":[151],"staging":[153],"bronchial":[155],"carcinoma.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"algorithm":[159],"achieved":[160],"good":[162,263],"overall":[163,262],"performance":[164,264],"rate":[169,202,214],"76.9%":[171],"enlarged":[173,206],"during":[175,284],"cross-validation":[177],"10.3":[183],"false-positives":[184],"per":[185],"69.9%":[189],"testing":[193],"dataset.":[194],"better":[200],"observed":[204],"compared":[208],"smaller":[210],"LNs,":[211],"short-axis":[219],"diameter":[220],"(SAD)":[221],"\u2265":[222],"20":[223],"mm":[224,228],"SAD":[226],"5-10":[227],"being":[229],"91.6%":[230],"62.2%":[232],"(p":[233],"<":[234],"0.001),":[235],"respectively.":[236],"Best":[237],"rates":[239],"obtained":[241],"located":[244],"Level":[246,250],"4R":[247],"(83.6%)":[248],"7":[251],"(80.4%).":[252],"CONCLUSIONS:":[253],"proposed":[255],"deep":[257],"learning":[258],"approach":[259],"achieves":[260],"thoracic":[272],"shows":[275],"reasonable":[276],"generalizability,":[277],"yielding":[278],"potential":[280],"facilitate":[282],"routine":[285],"clinical":[286],"work":[287],"enable":[290],"radiomics":[291],"research":[292],"without":[293],"observer-bias.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}