{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409032064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","title":"optRF: Optimising random forest stability by determining the optimal number of trees","display_name":"optRF: Optimising random forest stability by determining the optimal number of trees","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409032064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40165065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019118574","display_name":"Thomas M. Lange","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Lange","raw_affiliation_strings":["Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. thomas.lange@uni-goettingen.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. thomas.lange@uni-goettingen.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085199270","display_name":"Mehmet G\u00fclta\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-3192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130920692","display_name":"South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5phd24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet G\u00fcltas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Breeding Research (Cibreed), Georg-August University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, L\u00fcbecker Ring 2, 59494, Soest, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (Cibreed), Georg-August University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, L\u00fcbecker Ring 2, 59494, Soest, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018615886","display_name":"Armin O. Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-9467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin O. Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Center for Integrated Breeding Research (Cibreed), Georg-August University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (Cibreed), Georg-August University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028617673","display_name":"Felix Heinrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Heinrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August University, Margarethe Von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019118574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":16.2542,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9915706,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13398","display_name":"Data Analysis with R","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.8226519823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.7130615711212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6222757697105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5738582015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5518872141838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.49357402324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4463719129562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.44524145126342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.434583842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3447019159793854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32415997982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3198462724685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26432979106903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2567766606807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2292744219303131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8226519823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.7130615711212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6222757697105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738582015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5518872141838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49357402324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4463719129562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.44524145126342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.434583842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3447019159793854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32415997982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3198462724685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26432979106903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2567766606807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2292744219303131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077558","descriptor_name":"Big Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40165065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40165065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/148708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/148708","pdf_url":"https://publications.goettingen-research-online.de/bitstream/2/148708/1/12859_2025_Article_6097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"published_version"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ca83e483eca459ca46526ee451ef7bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ca83e483eca459ca46526ee451ef7bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 26, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10773462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11959736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12859-025-06097-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321870","display_name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409032064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409032064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W238213516","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1492273171","https://openalex.org/W1520812622","https://openalex.org/W1539593569","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1861990717","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1971768082","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1982335109","https://openalex.org/W1982726165","https://openalex.org/W2019765809","https://openalex.org/W2029437336","https://openalex.org/W2044863747","https://openalex.org/W2047081748","https://openalex.org/W2067724039","https://openalex.org/W2091019309","https://openalex.org/W2091374137","https://openalex.org/W2095335319","https://openalex.org/W2103188955","https://openalex.org/W2107341396","https://openalex.org/W2127843966","https://openalex.org/W2128207034","https://openalex.org/W2133649842","https://openalex.org/W2136148671","https://openalex.org/W2146755591","https://openalex.org/W2153707555","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2156665896","https://openalex.org/W2157395790","https://openalex.org/W2169846170","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2322754609","https://openalex.org/W2513504328","https://openalex.org/W2534722177","https://openalex.org/W2593086047","https://openalex.org/W2760544538","https://openalex.org/W2766438525","https://openalex.org/W2772153437","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2793555278","https://openalex.org/W2796468311","https://openalex.org/W2797763839","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2800666211","https://openalex.org/W2811394785","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914098347","https://openalex.org/W2922526333","https://openalex.org/W2969301077","https://openalex.org/W2971797472","https://openalex.org/W3001077607","https://openalex.org/W3018898071","https://openalex.org/W3019689148","https://openalex.org/W3036486458","https://openalex.org/W3038958014","https://openalex.org/W3086199683","https://openalex.org/W3087816250","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3102027041","https://openalex.org/W3118795041","https://openalex.org/W3120626519","https://openalex.org/W3126904039","https://openalex.org/W3158317536","https://openalex.org/W3160422324","https://openalex.org/W3165649127","https://openalex.org/W3200111252","https://openalex.org/W3213417474","https://openalex.org/W4206160026","https://openalex.org/W4206439534","https://openalex.org/W4210341208","https://openalex.org/W4224989672","https://openalex.org/W4225406501","https://openalex.org/W4280495162","https://openalex.org/W4295062637","https://openalex.org/W4310956887","https://openalex.org/W4323067038","https://openalex.org/W4324139908","https://openalex.org/W4324330708","https://openalex.org/W4368617607","https://openalex.org/W4388516855","https://openalex.org/W4399547459","https://openalex.org/W4401978677","https://openalex.org/W6843302958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W4313289487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"is":[2,17,23,32,35,38],"frequently":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,25,67],"make":[6],"decisions":[7,79],"based":[8,80],"on":[9,57,73,81,139],"big":[10],"data.":[11,51],"Among":[12],"these":[13,140],"techniques,":[14],"random":[15,21,98,162],"forest":[16,22],"particularly":[18],"prominent.":[19],"Although":[20],"known":[24],"have":[26,54,143],"many":[27],"advantages,":[28],"one":[29],"aspect":[30],"that":[31,36,42,91,115,128],"often":[33],"overseen":[34],"it":[37],"a":[39,65,104],"non-deterministic":[40],"method":[41,66],"can":[43,53],"produce":[44],"different":[45],"models":[46,150],"using":[47],"the":[48,69,82,93,101,130,135,145,151,154,159,167],"same":[49],"input":[50],"This":[52],"severe":[55],"consequences":[56],"decision-making":[58],"processes.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"study,":[62],"we":[63,113,142],"introduce":[64],"quantify":[68],"impact":[70],"of":[71,95,121,156,161,170],"non-determinism":[72],"predictions,":[74],"variable":[75,85],"importance":[76,86],"estimates,":[77],"and":[78,158],"predictions":[83],"or":[84],"estimates.":[87],"Our":[88],"findings":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"increasing":[92,134],"number":[94,120,155,169],"trees":[96,122,157,171],"in":[97,103],"forests":[99],"enhances":[100],"stability":[102,131,160],"non-linear":[105],"way":[106],"while":[107],"computation":[108,136],"time":[109],"increases":[110],"linearly.":[111],"Consequently,":[112],"conclude":[114],"there":[116],"exists":[117],"an":[118],"optimal":[119,168],"for":[123,166,172],"any":[124,173],"given":[125,174],"data":[126,175],"set":[127],"maximises":[129],"without":[132],"unnecessarily":[133],"time.":[137],"Based":[138],"findings,":[141],"developed":[144],"R":[146],"package":[147],"optRF":[148],"which":[149],"relationship":[152],"between":[153],"forest,":[163],"providing":[164],"recommendations":[165],"set.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}