{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387496070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","title":"Multimodal hybrid convolutional neural network based brain tumor grade classification","display_name":"Multimodal hybrid convolutional neural network based brain tumor grade classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387496070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37817066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024722153","display_name":"A. Rohini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Rohini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109645490","display_name":"Carol Praveen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119396","display_name":"Social Service Sericulture Project Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02sb4r018","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119396"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Praveen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004069904","display_name":"Sandeep Kumar Mathivanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8572-1197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Kumar Mathivanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043085840","display_name":"V. Muthukumaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Muthukumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033317672","display_name":"Saurav Mallik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-6784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurav Mallik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103214435","display_name":"Mohammed S. Alqahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-3578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed S. Alqahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK","Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078354205","display_name":"Amal Al\u2010Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-1798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal Al-Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092893993","display_name":"Ben Othman Soufiene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3496-1040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Othman Soufiene","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRINCE Laboratory Research, ISITcom, Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia. soufiene.benothman@isim.u-gabes.tn","PRINCE Laboratory Research, ISITcom, Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Laboratory Research, ISITcom, Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia. soufiene.benothman@isim.u-gabes.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Laboratory Research, ISITcom, Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092893993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":3.0584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92169043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"382","last_page":"382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8267141580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7832378149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6830756664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5943965315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5724447965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.5702006816864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5323054790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumor","display_name":"Brain tumor","score":0.5166102051734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49035191535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4875025451183319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.48561373353004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","score":0.4718235433101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40179920196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.23047968745231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.21853891015052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14735350012779236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8267141580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7832378149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6830756664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5943965315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5724447965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5702006816864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5323054790496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.5166102051734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49035191535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4875025451183319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.48561373353004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.4718235433101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40179920196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.23047968745231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.21853891015052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14735350012779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37817066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37817066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10566188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10566188","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10566188/pdf/12859_2023_Article_5518.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dcda3834ba3f4cb7a14b1a59a5a27b40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dcda3834ba3f4cb7a14b1a59a5a27b40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-023-05518-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3224868081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6347495145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R.G.P.2/515/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387496070.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946635378","https://openalex.org/W2897188827","https://openalex.org/W2960671912","https://openalex.org/W2994753452","https://openalex.org/W3013212979","https://openalex.org/W3031839920","https://openalex.org/W3039513141","https://openalex.org/W3047434002","https://openalex.org/W3119429736","https://openalex.org/W3124292034","https://openalex.org/W3135319307","https://openalex.org/W3159670968","https://openalex.org/W3166938345","https://openalex.org/W3196081964","https://openalex.org/W4206223378","https://openalex.org/W4210834226","https://openalex.org/W4286209802","https://openalex.org/W4306249295","https://openalex.org/W4310737448","https://openalex.org/W4317502655","https://openalex.org/W4319014159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2327340211","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W2027542625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"abnormal":[1],"growth":[2],"or":[3,21,46],"fatty":[4],"mass":[5],"of":[6,28,90,169,186,190,195,206],"cells":[7],"in":[8,34,232],"the":[9,26,38,44,130,170,173],"brain":[10,45,76,212,230],"is":[11],"called":[12],"a":[13,50,123,141,188,193],"tumor.":[14],"They":[15],"can":[16,32,81],"be":[17,82,221],"either":[18],"healthy":[19],"(normal)":[20],"become":[22],"cancerous,":[23],"depending":[24],"on":[25,126,236],"structure":[27],"their":[29],"cells.":[30],"This":[31,134],"result":[33],"increased":[35],"pressure":[36],"within":[37],"cranium,":[39],"potentially":[40],"causing":[41],"damage":[42],"to":[43,74,115,223],"even":[47],"death.":[48],"As":[49],"result,":[51],"diagnostic":[52],"procedures":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,65,67],"computed":[56],"tomography,":[57,64],"magnetic":[58],"resonance":[59],"imaging,":[60],"and":[61,69,84,112,147,155,160,167,192,214],"positron":[62],"emission":[63],"well":[66],"blood":[68],"urine":[70],"tests,":[71],"are":[72,97,101,113],"used":[73,165],"identify":[75],"tumors.":[77,217],"However,":[78],"these":[79,91,237],"methods":[80],"labor-intensive":[83],"sometimes":[85],"yield":[86],"inaccurate":[87],"results.":[88],"Instead":[89],"time-consuming":[92],"methods,":[93,152],"deep":[94],"learning":[95],"models":[96,219],"employed":[98],"because":[99],"they":[100],"less":[102,105],"time-consuming,":[103],"require":[104],"expensive":[106],"equipment,":[107],"produce":[108],"more":[109],"accurate":[110],"results,":[111],"easy":[114],"set":[116],"up.":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119],"study,":[120],"we":[121],"propose":[122],"method":[124,178],"based":[125,235],"transfer":[127],"learning,":[128],"utilizing":[129],"pre-trained":[131],"VGG-19":[132],"model.":[133],"approach":[135],"has":[136],"been":[137],"enhanced":[138],"by":[139],"applying":[140],"customized":[142],"convolutional":[143],"neural":[144],"network":[145],"framework":[146],"combining":[148],"it":[149],"with":[150,182],"pre-processing":[151],"including":[153,209],"normalization":[154],"data":[156],"augmentation.":[157],"For":[158],"training":[159,203],"testing,":[161],"our":[162],"proposed":[163,177],"model":[164],"80%":[166],"20%":[168],"images":[171,234],"from":[172,200],"dataset,":[174,198],"respectively.":[175],"Our":[176],"achieved":[179],"remarkable":[180],"success,":[181],"an":[183],"accuracy":[184],"rate":[185],"99.43%,":[187],"sensitivity":[189],"98.73%,":[191],"specificity":[194],"97.21%.":[196],"The":[197],"sourced":[199],"Kaggle":[201],"for":[202,228],"purposes,":[204],"consists":[205],"407":[207],"images,":[208],"257":[210],"depicting":[211],"tumors":[213,231],"150":[215],"without":[216],"These":[218],"could":[220],"utilized":[222],"develop":[224],"clinically":[225],"useful":[226],"solutions":[227],"identifying":[229],"CT":[233],"outcomes.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}