{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304822918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","title":"Estimating the effect size of a hidden causal factor between SNPs and a continuous trait: a mediation model approach","display_name":"Estimating the effect size of a hidden causal factor between SNPs and a continuous trait: a mediation model approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304822918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36229773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086870944","display_name":"Zhuoran Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081769614","display_name":"Marylyn D. Ritchie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marylyn D. Ritchie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033617328","display_name":"Benjamin F. Voight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-9994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125521","display_name":"Translational Therapeutics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z3rcy16","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin F. Voight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bvoight@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007235827","display_name":"Wei\u2010Ting Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-2167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ting Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. whwang@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. whwang@pennmedicine.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086870944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14008621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"420","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-randomization","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","score":0.7443232536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.5776054263114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"Mediation","score":0.5470399260520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.4859658479690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.47936373949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.4514169692993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate","display_name":"Covariate","score":0.4114057421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3740258812904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3689233362674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.3277550935745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3115299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30053627490997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.2964414060115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22094887495040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variants","display_name":"Genetic variants","score":0.09089139103889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.09083077311515808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.7443232536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5776054263114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5470399260520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.4859658479690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.47936373949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4514169692993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.4114057421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3740258812904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3689233362674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3277550935745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3115299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30053627490997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2964414060115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22094887495040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.09089139103889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09083077311515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36229773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36229773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf8e04b5b6064c7e92438eccc1394816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf8e04b5b6064c7e92438eccc1394816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9559019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9559019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2175235718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK126194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4503824907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK101478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850737185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_17228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8526095141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI077505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304822918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304822918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68436435","https://openalex.org/W124050954","https://openalex.org/W1967639437","https://openalex.org/W2009754435","https://openalex.org/W2013376346","https://openalex.org/W2094739251","https://openalex.org/W2104549677","https://openalex.org/W2161633633","https://openalex.org/W2488678869","https://openalex.org/W2594711611","https://openalex.org/W2805983714","https://openalex.org/W2807749226","https://openalex.org/W2900158406","https://openalex.org/W2903445830","https://openalex.org/W2952686929","https://openalex.org/W3080813012","https://openalex.org/W3184670719","https://openalex.org/W4212838134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901309888","https://openalex.org/W2169283889","https://openalex.org/W4210703904","https://openalex.org/W2052821216","https://openalex.org/W1136751063","https://openalex.org/W3111647380","https://openalex.org/W2036527494","https://openalex.org/W4306658544","https://openalex.org/W2129465958","https://openalex.org/W2905625059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Observational":[1],"studies":[2],"and":[3,76,93,140,180,198,222,238],"Mendelian":[4],"randomization":[5],"experiments":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"used":[9,279],"to":[10,29,33,111,159,217,250,264,280,288],"identify":[11],"many":[12],"causal":[13,24,36,79,104,120,138],"factors":[14,37,80,286],"for":[15,164,225,230],"complex":[16,273,289],"traits":[17],"in":[18,151],"humans.":[19],"Given":[20],"a":[21,69,109,132,161,226,245,262],"set":[22],"of":[23,43,71,116,147,168,193,254,268],"factors,":[25,139],"it":[26],"is":[27,97],"important":[28],"understand":[30],"the":[31,44,57,60,67,74,77,82,91,94,113,123,128,136,141,152,165,169,190,194,205,215,218,241,251,255,266],"extent":[32],"which":[34],"these":[35],"explain":[38],"some,":[39],"all,":[40],"or":[41],"none":[42],"genetic":[45],"heritability,":[46],"as":[47,66,73,81],"measured":[48],"by":[49,99,126],"single-nucleotide":[50],"polymorphisms":[51],"(SNPs)":[52],"that":[53,86,182,240],"are":[54],"associated":[55],"with":[56,64],"trait.":[58],"Using":[59],"mediation":[61],"model":[62,184],"framework":[63,263,276],"SNPs":[65,92],"exposure,":[68],"trait":[70,96,125],"interest":[72],"outcome,":[75],"known":[78,137,256],"mediators,":[83],"we":[84,213],"hypothesize":[85],"any":[87],"unexplained":[88,284],"association":[89],"between":[90,131],"outcome":[95,124,134],"mediated":[98],"an":[100],"additional":[101],"unobserved,":[102],"hidden":[103,118,170,195,206,228,242,270],"factor.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"We":[107,172,260],"propose":[108],"method":[110,145,176,188,216],"infer":[112,265],"effect":[114,166,191,247,252,267],"size":[115,167,192,248,253],"this":[117],"mediating":[119],"factor":[121],"on":[122,283],"utilizing":[127],"estimated":[129],"associations":[130],"continuous":[133],"trait,":[135],"SNPs.":[142],"The":[143],"proposed":[144,175],"consists":[146],"three":[148],"steps":[149],"and,":[150],"end,":[153],"implements":[154],"Markov":[155],"chain":[156],"Monte":[157],"Carlo":[158],"obtain":[160],"posterior":[162],"distribution":[163],"mediator.":[171],"evaluate":[173],"our":[174,187],"via":[177],"extensive":[178],"simulations":[179],"show":[181],"when":[183],"assumptions":[185],"hold,":[186],"estimates":[189],"mediator":[196,207,229,243,257],"well":[197],"controls":[199],"type":[200],"I":[201],"error":[202],"rate":[203],"if":[204],"does":[208],"not":[209],"exist.":[210],"In":[211],"addition,":[212],"apply":[214],"UK":[219],"Biobank":[220],"data":[221],"estimate":[223],"parameters":[224],"potential":[227],"waist-hip":[231],"ratio":[232],"beyond":[233],"body":[234],"mass":[235],"index":[236],"(BMI),":[237],"find":[239],"has":[244],"large":[246],"relatively":[249],"BMI.":[258],"CONCLUSIONS:":[259],"develop":[261],"potential,":[269],"mediators":[271],"influencing":[272],"traits.":[274,290],"This":[275],"can":[277],"be":[278],"place":[281],"boundaries":[282],"risk":[285],"contributing":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}