{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130021595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","title":"Spectral gene set enrichment (SGSE)","display_name":"Spectral gene set enrichment (SGSE)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130021595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","mag":"2130021595","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25879888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080933903","display_name":"H. Robert Frost","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-9945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098931","display_name":"Quantitative BioSciences","ror":"https://ror.org/010brsj79","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H Robert Frost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. rob.frost@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363804","display_name":"Zhigang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098931","display_name":"Quantitative BioSciences","ror":"https://ror.org/010brsj79","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. zhigang.li@dartmouth.edu","Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. zhigang.li@dartmouth.edu","Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. zhigang.li@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. zhigang.li@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032971510","display_name":"Jason H. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-1099"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason H Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080933903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.2754,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59193793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"70","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.45649999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.45649999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.3337000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6134326457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6022690534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5490555763244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-microarray","display_name":"DNA microarray","score":0.5429531931877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5094731450080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5068431496620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5023441314697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48037490248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4637295603752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.46070611476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.43446269631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3953673839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.3408712148666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32342207431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3141822814941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.28494954109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23567000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"Gene expression","score":0.19557276368141174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6134326457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6022690534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5490555763244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95371953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745","display_name":"DNA microarray","level":4,"score":0.5429531931877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5094731450080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5068431496620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5023441314697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48037490248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4637295603752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.46070611476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.43446269631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953673839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3408712148666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32342207431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3141822814941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.28494954109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23567000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.19557276368141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016403","descriptor_name":"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016403","descriptor_name":"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016403","descriptor_name":"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25879888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25879888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1405.3241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.3241","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.747.3652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.747.3652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.3241.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4365810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4365810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12859-015-0490-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1534238430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM103506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2612212953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM010098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3364216530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM011360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3889800190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EY022300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5465968542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P20 GM103506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5668804095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P20 GM103534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G582462499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM009012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6345136743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM011360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6362915941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 CA023108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6483986534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM103534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6608586327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM103506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6682602594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM010098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7965638068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM103534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8919309667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY022300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130021595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130021595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520752838","https://openalex.org/W1539343594","https://openalex.org/W1587447328","https://openalex.org/W1788898868","https://openalex.org/W1857410117","https://openalex.org/W1953958325","https://openalex.org/W1965214246","https://openalex.org/W1968005447","https://openalex.org/W1976564639","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1995012902","https://openalex.org/W2000367221","https://openalex.org/W2010457001","https://openalex.org/W2010574063","https://openalex.org/W2018178505","https://openalex.org/W2020859582","https://openalex.org/W2025855398","https://openalex.org/W2027895157","https://openalex.org/W2039514112","https://openalex.org/W2065067590","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2089175718","https://openalex.org/W2095712218","https://openalex.org/W2096863518","https://openalex.org/W2100980426","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2108169091","https://openalex.org/W2109327803","https://openalex.org/W2112220625","https://openalex.org/W2124704116","https://openalex.org/W2125512776","https://openalex.org/W2130410032","https://openalex.org/W2134736660","https://openalex.org/W2134891969","https://openalex.org/W2147307155","https://openalex.org/W2155330008","https://openalex.org/W2159482845","https://openalex.org/W2159767718","https://openalex.org/W2162206208","https://openalex.org/W2164279703","https://openalex.org/W2164516088","https://openalex.org/W2167119716","https://openalex.org/W2170040895","https://openalex.org/W2499952289","https://openalex.org/W2949470664","https://openalex.org/W2969647063","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3099211645","https://openalex.org/W3100386937","https://openalex.org/W3187315490","https://openalex.org/W4234895322","https://openalex.org/W4246697467","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W4292933682","https://openalex.org/W4294216483","https://openalex.org/W4298882835","https://openalex.org/W7019129576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975632186","https://openalex.org/W3027745756","https://openalex.org/W3205213561","https://openalex.org/W2531880140","https://openalex.org/W2126145365","https://openalex.org/W2036609560","https://openalex.org/W1968475104","https://openalex.org/W2899564673","https://openalex.org/W2118010945","https://openalex.org/W1998713996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Gene":[1],"set":[2,49,82,117,128,150,221],"testing":[3,88,202,222],"is":[4,34,136,258,269],"typically":[5],"performed":[6],"in":[7,36,232],"a":[8,20,27,40,77,250],"supervised":[9],"context":[10],"to":[11,56,151,197,248,271,279,287],"quantify":[12],"the":[13,37,59,67,90,102,130,134,141,145,152,166,179,189,193,203,210,228,240,255,273,283],"association":[14,91,104,124,204,241],"between":[15,92,105,125,205,242],"groups":[16],"of":[17,31,39,58,72,89,133,181,192,213,252,260,276,282],"genes":[18],"and":[19,70,95,108,129,209,245],"clinical":[21],"phenotype.":[22],"In":[23],"many":[24],"cases,":[25],"however,":[26],"gene":[28,48,81,93,106,116,127,207,215,220,243],"set-based":[29],"interpretation":[30],"genomic":[32,60,234],"data":[33,97,135,235,284],"desired":[35],"absence":[38],"phenotype":[41],"variable.":[42],"Although":[43],"methods":[44],"exist":[45],"for":[46,85,201],"unsupervised":[47,86,253],"testing,":[50],"they":[51],"predominantly":[52],"compute":[53],"enrichment":[54,83,118],"relative":[55,196],"clusters":[57],"variables":[61],"with":[62,148],"performance":[63,191],"strongly":[64],"dependent":[65],"on":[66,184],"clustering":[68],"algorithm":[69,168],"number":[71],"clusters.":[73],"RESULTS:":[74],"We":[75],"propose":[76],"novel":[78],"method,":[79],"spectral":[80,131,172],"(SGSE),":[84],"competitive":[87],"sets":[94,107,208,244],"empirical":[96],"sources.":[98],"SGSE":[99,167,194,256],"first":[100],"computes":[101],"statistical":[103,123,274],"principal":[109,114],"components":[110],"(PCs)":[111],"using":[112,144],"our":[113,182],"component":[115],"(PCGSE)":[119],"method.":[120],"The":[121],"overall":[122],"each":[126],"structure":[132,212],"then":[137],"computed":[138],"by":[139,156],"combining":[140],"PC-level":[142],"p-values":[143],"weighted":[146],"Z-method":[147],"weights":[149],"PC":[153,277],"variance":[154,211],"scaled":[155],"Tracy-Widom":[157],"test":[158],"p-values.":[159],"Using":[160],"simulated":[161],"data,":[162,186],"we":[163,187],"show":[164],"that":[165],"can":[169,223],"accurately":[170],"recover":[171],"features":[173],"from":[174],"noisy":[175],"data.":[176,217],"To":[177],"illustrate":[178],"utility":[180],"method":[183,195,257],"real":[185],"demonstrate":[188],"superior":[190],"standard":[198],"cluster-based":[199],"techniques":[200],"MSigDB":[206],"microarray":[214],"expression":[216],"CONCLUSIONS:":[218],"Unsupervised":[219],"provide":[224],"important":[225],"information":[226],"about":[227],"biological":[229],"signal":[230],"held":[231],"high-dimensional":[233],"sets.":[236],"Because":[237],"it":[238],"uses":[239],"samples":[246],"PCs":[247],"generate":[249],"measure":[251],"enrichment,":[254],"independent":[259],"cluster":[261],"or":[262],"network":[263],"creation":[264],"algorithms":[265],"and,":[266],"most":[267,285],"importantly,":[268],"able":[270],"utilize":[272],"significance":[275],"eigenvalues":[278],"ignore":[280],"elements":[281],"likely":[286],"represent":[288],"noise.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
