{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135093006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","title":"Profiling structured product labeling with NDF-RT and RxNorm","display_name":"Profiling structured product labeling with NDF-RT and RxNorm","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135093006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","mag":"2135093006","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","pdf_url":"https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172276550","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","issn_l":"2041-1480","issn":["2041-1480"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073074181","display_name":"Qian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-6333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125099","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp40720","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. zhu.qian@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic  Rochester MN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. zhu.qian@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic  Rochester MN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007963072","display_name":"Guoqian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-0019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA","Department of Health Sciences Research Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060390916","display_name":"Christopher G. Chute","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-2545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher G Chute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA","Department of Health Sciences Research Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073074181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"],"apc_list":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"apc_paid":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"fwci":0.9407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74407426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.5127000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.5127000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.15680000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7120139598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.6780534386634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.5439964532852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.518483579158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5059627890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3771606683731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32571887969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.28825122117996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11197724938392639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7120139598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.6780534386634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5439964532852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.518483579158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5059627890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3771606683731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32571887969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.28825122117996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11197724938392639}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","pdf_url":"https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172276550","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","issn_l":"2041-1480","issn":["2041-1480"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23256517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical semantics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8483c1a1e25b4fc0807f9a0c7b7d51e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8483c1a1e25b4fc0807f9a0c7b7d51e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics, Vol 3, Iss 1, p 16 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2570439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3570438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3570438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3570438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Biomed Semantics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","pdf_url":"https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2041-1480-3-16","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172276550","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","issn_l":"2041-1480","issn":["2041-1480"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6598467477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19 GM61388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7136283870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19 GM61388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8127457510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM61388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8515188616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM61388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135093006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135093006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102787101","https://openalex.org/W305884220","https://openalex.org/W1529522905","https://openalex.org/W1690976696","https://openalex.org/W1750050885","https://openalex.org/W1971094449","https://openalex.org/W2065790106","https://openalex.org/W2126954455","https://openalex.org/W2140004302","https://openalex.org/W2142572836","https://openalex.org/W2143886099","https://openalex.org/W2172062651","https://openalex.org/W2401670617","https://openalex.org/W2624907881","https://openalex.org/W2780912412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615202182","https://openalex.org/W4206665951","https://openalex.org/W2529794967","https://openalex.org/W2904139343","https://openalex.org/W2604011835","https://openalex.org/W3139465322","https://openalex.org/W2484233589","https://openalex.org/W2528203718","https://openalex.org/W4241483715","https://openalex.org/W2768092701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Structured":[1],"Product":[2],"Labeling":[3],"(SPL)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,27,87,182,199,265],"document":[7],"markup":[8],"standard":[9,52,69,303],"approved":[10,43],"by":[11,18,284],"Health":[12],"Level":[13],"Seven":[14],"(HL7)":[15],"and":[16,22,65,76,101,125,156,161,196,203,309],"adopted":[17],"United":[19],"States":[20],"Food":[21],"Drug":[23,61],"Administration":[24],"(FDA)":[25],"as":[26,68,307],"mechanism":[28],"for":[29,128],"exchanging":[30],"drug":[31,36,53,70,94,98,111,116,130,228,238,252,262,271,277,297,304],"product":[32,79],"information.":[33,175],"The":[34,280],"SPL":[35,93,115,129,227,237,251,270,296],"labels":[37,95,117,131,229,239,253,272,298],"contain":[38],"rich":[39],"information":[40,142],"about":[41],"FDA":[42,295],"clinical":[44,276,300],"drugs.":[45],"However,":[46],"the":[47,78,110,123,133,144,154,177,191,248],"lack":[48],"of":[49,250,269,294],"linkage":[50,127],"to":[51,74,91,113,159,207,242,256,275],"ontologies":[54,112,263,305],"hinders":[55],"their":[56],"meaningful":[57,292],"use.":[58],"NDF-RT":[59,100,140,157,165,195,233,308],"(National":[60],"File":[62],"Reference":[63],"Terminology)":[64],"NLM":[66],"RxNorm":[67,155,172,217,243],"ontology":[71],"were":[72,230],"used":[73,153],"standardize":[75],"profile":[77],"labels.":[80],"METHODS:":[81],"In":[82,176,224],"this":[83,285],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,138,152,168,180,189,215],"present":[86],"framework":[88],"that":[89,247],"intends":[90],"map":[92],"with":[96,164,232],"existing":[97,106],"ontologies:":[99],"RxNorm.":[102,310],"We":[103,121,245],"also":[104],"applied":[105],"categorical":[107,141],"annotations":[108],"from":[109,143,194,210],"classify":[114,160],"into":[118,198,219],"corresponding":[119],"classes.":[120],"established":[122],"classification":[124],"relevant":[126],"using":[132,171],"following":[134],"three":[135],"approaches.":[136],"First,":[137],"retrieved":[139],"External":[145],"Pharmacologic":[146],"Class":[147],"(EPC)":[148],"indexing":[149],"SPLs.":[150],"Second,":[151],"mappings":[158],"link":[162],"SPLs":[163,170,197],"categories.":[166],"Third,":[167],"profiled":[169],"term":[173],"type":[174],"implementation":[178],"process,":[179],"employed":[181],"Semantic":[183],"Web":[184],"technology":[185],"framework,":[186],"in":[187,260,299],"which":[188],"stored":[190],"data":[192,209,218],"sets":[193],"RDF":[200],"triple":[201],"store,":[202],"executed":[204],"SPARQL":[205,212],"queries":[206],"retrieve":[208],"customized":[211],"endpoints.":[213],"Meanwhile,":[214],"imported":[216],"MySQL":[220],"relational":[221],"database.":[222],"RESULTS:":[223],"total,":[225],"96.0%":[226],"mapped":[231,255,274],"categories":[234],"whereas":[235,264],"97.0%":[236],"are":[240,254,273],"linked":[241],"codes.":[244],"found":[246],"majority":[249],"chemical":[257],"ingredient":[258],"concepts":[259],"both":[261],"relatively":[266],"small":[267],"portion":[268],"concepts.":[278],"CONCLUSIONS:":[279],"profiling":[281],"outcomes":[282],"produced":[283],"study":[286],"would":[287],"provide":[288],"useful":[289],"insights":[290],"on":[291],"use":[293],"applications":[301],"through":[302],"such":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
