{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160820250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","title":"Cloud computing and validation of expandable in silico livers","display_name":"Cloud computing and validation of expandable in silico livers","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160820250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","mag":"2160820250","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015627205","display_name":"Glen E. P. Ropella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-105X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114883","display_name":"Tempus Labs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbymr57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114883"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glen EP Ropella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tempus Dictum, Inc., Portland, OR 97202, USA","Tempus Dictum, Inc., Portland, OR, 97202, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tempus Dictum, Inc., Portland, OR 97202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tempus Dictum, Inc., Portland, OR, 97202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001335754","display_name":"C. Anthony Hunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C Anthony Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001335754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6745,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91743177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"168","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7173869609832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-silico","display_name":"In silico","score":0.6879462003707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854066252708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4099971055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3896154761314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.33469074964523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.23644235730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08908477425575256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7173869609832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775905019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192572","display_name":"In silico","level":3,"score":0.6879462003707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854066252708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4099971055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3896154761314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.33469074964523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23644235730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08908477425575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015262","descriptor_name":"Xenobiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015262","descriptor_name":"Xenobiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015262","descriptor_name":"Xenobiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21129207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC systems biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt81c808tn","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81c808tn","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology, vol 4, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3016276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3016276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Syst Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt81c808tn","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/81c808tn","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ropella, Glen EP; & Hunt, C Anthony. (2010). Cloud Computing and Validation of Expandable In Silico Livers. BMC Systems Biology, 4(1), 168. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/81c808tn","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-4-168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160820250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160820250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570884158","https://openalex.org/W1591582819","https://openalex.org/W1967261220","https://openalex.org/W1973858832","https://openalex.org/W1987696643","https://openalex.org/W2008566763","https://openalex.org/W2029867647","https://openalex.org/W2056464330","https://openalex.org/W2103591844","https://openalex.org/W2118120069","https://openalex.org/W2126854092","https://openalex.org/W2128022558","https://openalex.org/W2131056547","https://openalex.org/W2154514556","https://openalex.org/W2159748585","https://openalex.org/W2163760891","https://openalex.org/W2765488235","https://openalex.org/W4248745245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912862995","https://openalex.org/W3129816939","https://openalex.org/W2985427592","https://openalex.org/W2101501829","https://openalex.org/W2003194288","https://openalex.org/W2400569965","https://openalex.org/W2060263731","https://openalex.org/W391093122","https://openalex.org/W1521239975","https://openalex.org/W4361305867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,48],"results":[1],"provide":[2,73],"additional":[3],"evidence":[4,56],"that":[5],"disposition":[6],"simulations":[7,78],"using":[8],"ISLs":[9],"can":[10],"cover":[11],"the":[12,55,62],"behavior":[13],"space":[14],"of":[15,31,50,57],"liver":[16],"experiments":[17],"in":[18,24,87],"distinct":[19],"experimental":[20],"contexts":[21],"(there":[22],"is":[23],"silico-to-wet-lab":[25],"phenotype":[26],"similarity).":[27],"scientific":[29,58],"value":[30],"experimenting":[32],"with":[33,43,54,83],"multiscale":[34],"biomedical":[35],"models":[36],"has":[37,60],"been":[38],"limited":[39],"to":[40,45,79],"research":[41],"groups":[42],"access":[44],"computer":[46],"clusters.":[47],"availability":[49],"cloud":[51],"technology":[52],"coupled":[53],"equivalency":[59],"lowered":[61],"barrier":[63],"and":[64],"will":[65],"greatly":[66],"facilitate":[67],"model":[68],"sharing":[69],"as":[70,72],"well":[71],"straightforward":[74],"tools":[75],"for":[76],"scaling":[77],"encompass":[80],"greater":[81],"detail":[82],"no":[84],"extra":[85],"investment":[86],"hardware.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}