{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060283905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","title":"On the origin of distribution patterns of motifs in biological networks","display_name":"On the origin of distribution patterns of motifs in biological networks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060283905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","mag":"2060283905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18700017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081792355","display_name":"Arun S. Konagurthu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-8329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arun S Konagurthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. arun@bx.psu.edu","The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. arun@bx.psu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057325979","display_name":"Arthur M. Lesk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-0601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arthur M Lesk","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA","The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Huck Institute for Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057325979","https://openalex.org/A5081792355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"fwci":0.9356,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73651198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"73","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-network","display_name":"Biological network","score":0.6693397164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-biology","display_name":"Systems biology","score":0.6250123977661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.5834219455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.5022828578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.46788471937179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38123035430908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3216868042945862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28225019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005","display_name":"Biological network","level":2,"score":0.6693397164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.6250123977661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5834219455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5022828578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.46788471937179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38123035430908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3216868042945862}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18700017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18700017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC systems biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1172438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2538512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fbfa199e56f41d3a36cc8a14bcbef1e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fbfa199e56f41d3a36cc8a14bcbef1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology, Vol 2, Iss 1, p 73 (2008)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","pdf_url":"https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1752-0509-2-73","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92363890","display_name":"BMC Systems Biology","issn_l":"1752-0509","issn":["1752-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Systems Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060283905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060283905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552744309","https://openalex.org/W1599207601","https://openalex.org/W1599969036","https://openalex.org/W1966638085","https://openalex.org/W1984249061","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2009163705","https://openalex.org/W2042151516","https://openalex.org/W2057680921","https://openalex.org/W2059936808","https://openalex.org/W2070099460","https://openalex.org/W2070672503","https://openalex.org/W2109110326","https://openalex.org/W2110699703","https://openalex.org/W2125020344","https://openalex.org/W2126359798","https://openalex.org/W2126602684","https://openalex.org/W2140497888","https://openalex.org/W2153624566","https://openalex.org/W2162884852","https://openalex.org/W2528271650","https://openalex.org/W2569702460","https://openalex.org/W2798428635","https://openalex.org/W2899266716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158714033","https://openalex.org/W78967844","https://openalex.org/W5284979","https://openalex.org/W3213185671","https://openalex.org/W4210989272","https://openalex.org/W4386628104","https://openalex.org/W4206945140","https://openalex.org/W2509687359","https://openalex.org/W4212865750","https://openalex.org/W2362023034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Inventories":[1],"of":[2,40,51,53,69,79,87,95,107],"small":[3],"subgraphs":[4,55],"in":[5,46,58],"biological":[6,43,70],"networks":[7,44,71],"have":[8,19,97],"identified":[9],"commonly-recurring":[10],"patterns,":[11],"called":[12],"motifs.":[13,81],"The":[14],"inference":[15],"that":[16,28,48,92],"these":[17],"motifs":[18,96],"been":[20,98],"selected":[21,99],"for":[22,100],"function":[23],"rests":[24],"on":[25],"the":[26,49,76,80,93,105],"idea":[27],"their":[29,101],"occurrences":[30,88],"are":[31,56,89],"significantly":[32],"more":[33],"frequent":[34],"than":[35],"random.":[36],"RESULTS:":[37],"Our":[38],"analysis":[39],"several":[41],"large":[42],"suggests,":[45],"contrast,":[47],"frequencies":[50,86],"appearance":[52,78],"common":[54,77],"similar":[57],"natural":[59],"and":[60],"corresponding":[61],"random":[62],"networks.":[63,108],"CONCLUSION:":[64],"Indeed,":[65],"certain":[66],"topological":[67],"features":[68],"give":[72],"rise":[73],"naturally":[74],"to":[75,104],"We":[82],"therefore":[83],"question":[84],"whether":[85],"reasonable":[90],"evidence":[91],"structures":[94],"functional":[102],"contribution":[103],"operation":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}