{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098304617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","title":"Snow depth sensing using the GPS L2C signal with a dipole antenna","display_name":"Snow depth sensing using the GPS L2C signal with a dipole antenna","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098304617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","mag":"2098304617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113656642","display_name":"Qiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-2867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049061995","display_name":"Dae Hee Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-1352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daehee Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014958719","display_name":"Dennis Akos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-6442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis M Akos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0553, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113656642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":1.4023,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81184844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7754563689231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7104764580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-datum","display_name":"Geodetic datum","score":0.6859593391418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.5714120864868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5713464617729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5533987283706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5049775242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.481288343667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.4633970558643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4579332172870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4394959509372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4218830168247223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3612362742424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3541080355644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2771937847137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.25864332914352417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7754563689231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7104764580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.6859593391418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.5714120864868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5713464617729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5533987283706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5049775242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.481288343667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.4633970558643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4579332172870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4394959509372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4218830168247223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3612362742424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3541080355644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2771937847137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.25864332914352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2014-106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098304617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098304617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181697161","https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1580547381","https://openalex.org/W1607626080","https://openalex.org/W1895139980","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W2047558282","https://openalex.org/W2055375015","https://openalex.org/W2101293653","https://openalex.org/W2107958340","https://openalex.org/W2113130306","https://openalex.org/W2113454568","https://openalex.org/W2125513050","https://openalex.org/W2133906924","https://openalex.org/W2135015721","https://openalex.org/W2744663997","https://openalex.org/W4252542285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983215442","https://openalex.org/W1566767548","https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W3144321796","https://openalex.org/W2081423440","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2560263173","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W2386611723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4,103],"the":[5,25,38,69,77,81,85,90,93,104,110,163,192],"currently":[6],"deployed":[7],"geodetic":[8,55,61,193],"global":[9],"positioning":[10],"system":[11],"(GPS)":[12],"stations":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15,124],"used":[16,160,175],"to":[17,67,123,161],"measure":[18],"snow":[19,74,96,201],"depth":[20,75,97,202],"in":[21,53,136],"an":[22,137,198],"area":[23],"around":[24],"antenna":[26,62],"installation":[27],"via":[28,99],"GPS":[29,194],"interferometric":[30],"reflectometry":[31],"(GPS-IR).":[32],"Although":[33],"such":[34],"a":[35,153,167],"technique":[36],"provides":[37],"advantages":[39],"of":[40,95],"large":[41],"spatial":[42],"coverage":[43],"and":[44,65,101,134,166,180,196],"high":[45],"temporal":[46],"measurement":[47],"sampling,":[48],"there":[49],"are":[50,187],"also":[51],"drawbacks":[52],"using":[54],"equipment":[56],"for":[57,73,113,171,176,200],"this":[58,88,114,151,183],"application.":[59,115],"The":[60],"is":[63,109,159,174],"costly":[64],"designed":[66,122],"mitigate":[68],"multipath":[70],"signal,":[71],"while":[72],"sensing,":[76],"reflective":[78],"component":[79],"contains":[80],"desired":[82,111],"information":[83],"regarding":[84],"environment.":[86],"In":[87,150],"paper,":[89],"authors":[91],"reviewed":[92],"principles":[94],"sensing":[98],"GPS-IR":[100],"show":[102,197],"horizontally":[105,125],"polarized":[106,126],"electromagnetic":[107],"wave":[108],"signal":[112,173],"A":[116],"customized":[117],"dipole":[118,184],"antenna,":[119],"which":[120],"was":[121,132],"by":[127],"properly":[128],"adjusting":[129],"its":[130],"orientation,":[131],"built":[133],"evaluated":[135],"experiment":[138],"carried":[139],"out":[140],"at":[141],"Table":[142],"Mountain,":[143],"Boulder,":[144],"Colorado,":[145],"during":[146],"early":[147],"February":[148],"2012.":[149],"experiment,":[152],"universal":[154],"software":[155],"radio":[156],"peripheral":[157],"(USRP)":[158],"collect":[162],"raw":[164],"data":[165,177],"software-defined":[168],"receiver":[169],"(SDR)":[170],"L2C":[172],"processing.":[178],"Data":[179],"results":[181],"from":[182,191],"antenna/SDR":[185],"implementation":[186],"compared":[188],"with":[189],"those":[190],"station":[195],"improvement":[199],"estimation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}